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Transportation Rates And Their Regulation Brown 1916 HC
Transportation Rates And Their Regulation By Harry Brown Hard Cover 1916 STAMPED ADVANCE COPY for review and Band School of Social Services . 347 Pages
PREFACE
IN writing this book, I have aimed to present a complete theory of transportation rates and their regulation, to illustrate this theory with a sufficient number of concrete cases arising in actual regulation to make the reader or student feel that the presentation is thoroughly practical, and, throughout, to keep before the reader a realization of the relation of rate making to trade testing each rate structure or regulation by its probable effect in securing or failing to secure the maximum of really profitable commerce and the largest economic well-being of the community. Whether a given level of rates is so high that, like tariff restrictions, it will prevent commerce which ought to take place, or whether it is so low (less than cost) that, like most bounties, it will encourage commerce that ought not to take place, or whether rates are discriminatory in such a way as to affect commerce injuriously, are the questions kept constantly in view. As a protective tariff may prevent profitable trade, so may monopolistic transportation rates. As the protective policy may, perhaps, benefit persons in one section of a country at the expense of those in another section, so discriminating transportation rates may arbitrarily build up one city and ruin another. As tariff protection may divert a country's industry out of its most profitable channels, so may discriminating railroad rates arbitrarily encourage one industry in a given territory or section and discourage another. As tariff barriers may further the development of private monopoly, so may discrimination in rates among competing shippers. Arguments are presented tending to show the uneconomy of the " basing-point" system and of discrimination favoring intrastate as against interstate traffic. Yet, on the other hand, certain apparent discriminations among places, among different kinds of goods, and between different directions, are seen, upon analysis, to be not quite analogous to protective tariffs and bounties but to be economically defensible.
That the inner philosophy of rate regulation and of the general disapproval of various rate practices once common, should be understood, sonic such presentation of the principles of rate making and of rate regulation as is here offered, would seem to be essential. It ought to be given at least as much importance and to be emphasized in college classes at least as much, as the mere record of past legislation and description of existing law. Indeed, if, as we are so often told, the principal function of our colleges is to prepare the younger generation for citizenship, then the things they need to learn there, perhaps most of all, are the reasons of public policy which sometimes do, and which always should, lie back of and condition our legislation.
A number of chapters of this book will appear also as Part III of my Principles of Commerce, shortly to issue from the press. A few footnote references to " Part I " and " Part II " are to that other work. The present book is confined to the discussion of transportation problems and is, as to these, more complete than the other.
I am under obligation to The American Economic Review for permission to republish, as Chapter II, in practically its original form, an article on The Competition of Transportation Companies, first published in December, 1914. To Professors Irving Fisher and Clive Day of Yak College and to the late Professor G. S. Callender of the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, I owe critical reading of selected chapters. To Professor John Batter of Cornell University I am under obligation for a careful and valuable criticism of practically the entire book. To my wife I am under obligation for aid in gathering data, for criticism throughout, and for reading the proof.
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