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Textbook of Geology,A Part I Physical Geology by Longwell, Knopf Flint HardCover
A Textbook of Geology Part I - Physical Geology by Chester R. Longwell, Adolph Knopf and Richard F. Flint Second Edition Ex Library Book
Hard cover Library stamp on inside front cover /title page/back cover/ edges of pages/ etc
Copyright 1932, 1939 by Chester R. Longwell, Adolph Knopf and Richard F. Flint SECOND EDITION 1946
543 pages
CONTENTS
1. GEOLOGY, THE SCIENCE OF THE EARTH 1
2. ROCK WEATHERING AND ITS PART IN EROSION 16
3. MASS-WASTING AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE 41
4. RUNNING WATER 55
5. SCULPTURE OF THE LANDS BY STREAMS AND MASS-WASTING 79
6. SUBSURFACE WATER 99
7. LAKES AND SWAMPS 120
8. GLACIERS AND GLACIATION 135
9. EROSION AND DEPOSITION BY WIND 174
10. MARINE EROSION AND DEPOSITION 190
11. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 222
12. IGNEOUS. ROCKS 249
13. VOLCANOES AND VOLCANISM 269
14. DEFORMATION OF THE EARTH'S CRUST 313
15. EARTHQUAKES 350
16. METAMORPHISM 369
17. THE EARTH'S INTERIOR 389
18. ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF MOUNTAINS 405
19. LAND FORMS 433
20. MINERAL RESOURCES 461
APPENDICES: A. MINERALS 491
B. ROCKS 504
C. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS 519
D. TIME-SCALE OF EARTH HISTORY 524
INDEX 525
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
Three years ago the writers helped revise Part I of the " Textbook of Geology " by Pirsson and Schuchert. Extensive changes were made throughout, and several chapters were entirely rewritten; but as the revised book remained under the authorship of the late Professor Pirsson, the revisers felt an obligation to retain as nearly as possible the original method of presentation. The present volume, which embodies not only ideas of organization and presentation developed by the work of revision and by constant use of the revised text, but also much new material, is the avowed successor to Pirsson's book. Probably the most valuable inheritance is the balance between subjects for which the original book has been widely commended. The general order of the final revision is retained, and in a few chapters some parts of Pirsson's scheme of presentation have been used, but only where they could be effectively adapted to the general plan of the present authors.
The organization of the subject matter assumes that students who use the book begin their study by making an acquaintance with the common minerals and rocks. This approach to the study of geology appears to be fundamental, since the operation of geologic processes, for example weathering, can not be appreciated without some knowledge of the materials involved. In their elementary course the authors devote a considerable time to a practical study of minerals and rocks before taking up any of the processes. For such a preliminary study the student needs adequate descriptions arranged in convenient form. To meet this need the present volume offers in two appendices the definitions and elementary descriptions of all the minerals and rocks considered in the text. Another appendix gives an introduction to the study of topographic maps. Such a special arrangement does not in any way obscure the importance of highly essential subject matter. On the contrary, the device serves a twofold useful purpose: it brings together, in the form of a short manual, the elementary explanations needed for laboratory study; and it removes a considerable amount of bare definition and description from the body of the text, which can then be devoted more effectively to the discussion of geologic processes and problems.
Preparation of the introductory chapter has received particular attention, since physical geology usually is the introduction to geology as a whole and therefore the student needs an orienting statement to acquaint him with the scope and the general viewpoint of the subject. The historical .aspect of geology needs emphasis, and this purpose is served by sketching briefly the astronomical setting of the Earth and by implanting at once the concept of the immense length of geologic time. A large advantage is gained if the student can be made to appreciate at the outset that geologic features are studied not merely for their own sake but more particularly for the history they reveal.
With this keynote in mind, the attempt is made throughout the book to keep to matters that have a direct bearing on geologic history. The authors consider it a mistake to use the limited space in an elementary text for the exposition of scientific matters not directly a part of geology, however interesting they may be in themselves. For this reason the discussion of weather, of which at best only a smattering can be given in a geologic text, has been abandoned. Similarly a detailed discussion of the mechanics of glacier motion, which has inherent interest but is not essential to an understanding of land sculpture by glaciers, is dispensed with.
In brief summary, some of the outstanding features of the new book are the following: Weathering is treated as a unit subject, and its relation to general erosion is made clear. The chapter is not entitled " Work of the Atmosphere," because all gradational processes, including stream erosion and glaciation, depend either directly or indirectly on the atmosphere. The importance of climate in determining soil types, as demonstrated by recent research, is emphasized. Wind action is discussed in a separate chapter, since the common practice of combining this subject with weathering leads to confusion. In the discussion of stream work the explanation of the erosion cycle under different climatic
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