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Story of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 1827-1927 2 Vols by Hungerford REPRINT
The Story of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 1827-1927 2 Volumes by Edward Hungerford
Hard Cover
372 pages
Copyright 1993 REPRINT, original copyright 1928
CONTENTS Volume 1
CHAPTER I
BALTIMORE FACES A CRISIS.3
The Growing Young City of Baltimore Comes to a Real Crisis-The New Transport Advantages of Her Rivals, New York and Philadelphia-The Opening of the Erie Canal-The Great Era of the National Road.
CHAPTER II
ORGANIZING THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO 15
Some February Evenings in Mr. George Brown's House and What Comes of Them-The Birth of a Railroad-The Brilliant McMahon and His Charter-The Company Organized-The Rush for Its Shares-Discussion as to the Location of the New Line.
CHAPTER III
THE FOURTH OF JULY, 1828 37
On Which a Corner Stone is Laid-There is a Long Procession Through the Streets of Baltimore City-The V nerable Charles Carroll of Carrollton Breaks Ground for the Railroad-The Masons Place the First Stone-Fireworks and Rejoicings Follow.
CHAPTER IV
A GREAT TASK IS RIGHT AHEAD 48
The Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio Face Problems in the Construction of Their Railroad-Arguments and Contentions-The Vagueness of the Plans-Men and Measures-The Latrobes.
CHAPTER V
GETTING DOWN TO HARD WORK 60
Actual Construction Begins-The Problem of the Bridges-Wood Against Stone-The Carrollton Viaduct-Labor Troubles on the New Road-The Question of Track-The Line Prepares for Business.
CHAPTER VI
TRAFFIC BEGINS UPON THE NEW RAILROAD .. 76
Operating for Revenue, at Last-The Perplexing Question of Railroad Carriages-Ross Winans and His Model-The Car That Sailed-The Treadmill Engine-Regular Train Service Begins Upon the Baltimore and Ohio.
CHAPTER VII
THE IRON HORSE ARRIVES.. 91
The Coming of the Steam Locomotive-English Developments-The Rainhill Trials-Peter Cooper and His Tom Thumb-Locomotive Tests on the Baltimore and Ohio-The York-The Atlantic-A Railroad University.
CHAPTER VIII
THE PROGRESS OF THE IRON TRAIL. 114
Early Railroads Across the Land-The Baltimore and Ohio Advances Toward the Potomac-Problems of Track Construction-Labor Troubles - Caspar Weyer and the Whiskey Question - A Fatal Accident Upon the Line-Open to Frederick, at Last.
CHAPTER IX
THE WATER TRAIL VS. THE IRON ONE 131
The Canal an Early Antagonist of the Railroad-Conflict Between Them at the Point of Rocks-The Baltimore and Ohio Wins a Drawn Victory-More Locomotives-The Traveller-The Arabian-The Mercury-Better Cars-And, Finally, Harpers Ferry Reached.
CHAPTER X
THE RAILROAD ENTERS THE NATIONAL CAPITAL 153
The Washington Branch-Its Peculiar Problems of Financing-The Onerous Passenger Tax and the Trouble to Which it Led-Mr. Knight Works Out the Details of the New Line-" Latrobe's Folly "Opening the Branch-The Tragic Death of Phineas Davis.
CHAPTER XI
THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO OF THE 'THIRTIES .. 177
The Chief Engineer of the New Erie Railroad Visits the Baltimore Road-His Flattering Reports upon It-Locomotive Problems-The Vertical Boiler-Black Days-Panic-And a New President for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
CHAPTER XII
THE STRUGGLE TOWARD CUMBERLAND.. 198
Hard Years, and Troublous Ones-Difficulties in Financing-McLane's Two Voyages to England and What Came of Them-Construction West of Harpers Ferry-And Cumberland Finally Reached.
CHAPTER XIII
THE IRON HORSE IS BEING PERFECTED216
Locomotive Development on the Baltimore and Ohio from 1837 to 1853 -The "Grasshoppers" Succeeded by the "Crabs"-Haphazard Design Becomes a Well Ordered Pattern, the Locomotive a Distinct Forerunner of the One of Today.
CHAPTER XIV
THE OHIO IS FINALLY REACHED.. 240
On to Wheeling-After Twenty-Five Years of Persistent Effort the Baltimore and Ohio Reaches Its Great Goal on the Bank of the Ohio-Construction Difficulties-And Those of Politics and Finance.
CHAPTER XV
RUNNING A RAILROAD IN THE 'FIFTIES 268
The Baltimore and Ohio of 1853-The Organization and Operating Methods of That Day-The Washington Branch Sees the First Telegraph Line in the World-And the First Electric Locomotive-The Coming of Camden Station.
CHAPTER XVI
DAYS OF SWIFT EXPANSIONS AND REJOICINGS 289
West from the Ohio-The Northwestern Virginia Railroad ... And the New Hotel at Grafton-The Marietta and Cincinnati-Trials and Tribulations of the Ohio and Mississippi-A Happy Outcome and Thirty Mad Days of Rejoicings.
CHAPTER XVII
THE TUMULT AND THE SHOUTING DIE 316
The Beginning of a New Era-And the Men at the Helm of the Baltimore and Ohio Face Large Problems-New Faces in the Board Room-Johns Hopkins and John W. Garrett.
CHAPTER XVIII
RUMBLINGS OF APPROACHING CONFLICT... 335
The John Brown Raid at Harpers Ferry, October 17, 1859-The Road's Telegraphic Record of the Stirring Event-The Putting Down of an Insurrection-Progress of the Garrett Administration.
CHAPTER XIX
OPEN WARFARE AT LAST348
The Beginnings of the Civil War-President Lincoln Passes Through Baltimore-And so Does the Sixth Massachusetts-Rumors and Alarms-Bloodshed-The Baltimore and Ohio Becomes the Theater of Conflict.
ILLUSTRATIONS
Builders Of The Baltimore And OhioFrontispiece
A Tollgate On The National Road 10
Stage Coach Days11
The Baltimore Of A Hundred Years Ago 18
They Met At The Home Of George Brown, Esq.19
A Very Early Stock Certificate30
Philip E. Thomas, 1827-183631
The Laying Of The First Stone 38
The First Stone Itself39
Worn In Honor Of The Coming Of The Railroad 46
Song In Honor Of The Railroad47
America's Earliest Railroad Station 54
Surveying For The Railroad 55
The Carrollton Viaduct Near Baltimore 62
The Earliest Track63
An Invitation To Ride Upon The Railroad 70
An Early Baltimore And Ohio Stock Certificate71
The Sailing Car Eolus80
The Treadmill Engine 81
The Patterson Viaduct88
The Arrival Of The Evening Train89
Peter Cooper's Tom Thumb100
The York, 1831101
The Atlantic And Its Train, 1832110
Ellicotts Mills, Maryland 111
Buzzards Rock118
The Tarpean Rock119
The First Train Into Frederick 126
The Old Station At Frederick, Maryland 127
Canal Vs. Railroad142
The Famous Arabian, 1834143
The Locomotive Displaces The Horse 150
Harpers Ferry Before The War151
The Relay Bridge162
Annapolis Junction, Maryland 163
The Log Of The Early Railroad168
Before The Day Of Tickets174
Joseph W. Patterson 184
Louis Mclane185
Goodbye To The Vertical Boiler-Thomas .Jefferson194
The Horizontal Boiler Appears-William Galloway 195
"Twenty Minutes For Dinner" 210
A Bond Of A Later Day211
The Hercules, 1844218
The Philip E. Thomas, William Norris Locomotive Of 1838 219
The Mercury, 1842224
A "Mud Digger"225
The Dragon 234
William Mason Built This Locomotive No. 25 235
Thomas Swann 246
Cheat River Viaduct 247
The Shoofly Track Over Pettibone 256
Closing The Line At Roseby's Rock257
Roseby's Rock Today 264
The Levee At Wheeling, Virginia 265
Camden Station, Baltimore272
Camden Station At A Later Day 273
An Early Railroad Pass 282
A Halt For Picture Making 283
Inside Connected Was No. 207 294
Along The Line, Balloon-Funnel Locomotive295
The Hotel And Station At Grafton, Virginia 300
Crossing The Alleghenies 301
William G. Harrison 310
Chauncy Brooks 311
John W. Garrett 328
"Railway Cars In America" Early English Idea 329
John Brown's Fort 344
The United States Arsenal At Harpers Ferry, Virginia 345
Mr. Lincoln Arrives At Washington 356
The Seventh Regiment Of New York Arriving At The Baltimore And Ohio Station, Washington, D. C., 1861 357
FOREWORD
THE record of any large railroad is apt to be the record of the social and economic life of the territory it serves. Baltimore and Ohio is no exception to this. In the first one hundred years of its life-coincident with the first hundred years of the railroad, itself, here in the United States -its record becomes that of the great industrial area that it serves. Crossing or entering thirteen of the states of the Union, reaching eight out of the ten largest cities of the nation, its history automatically becomes that of a very considerable part of America. Its first span of an even century is the span of one of the most interesting periods of social and industrial development that the world has known. With the history of that development, its own is entwined, irrevocably.
The idea of this book, originally, was that of 'its author. He went to the officers of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and sought their coin finding records and other source materials upon which to fabricate it. This help was given quickly. Yet, nothing more was proffered nor imposed. The author was left perfectly free to write this history as he himself chose to write it. At no time has he been asked to change nor to deflect it. The record is his own. The comments upon the men and events that go to make up the long chronicle of one hundred years likewise are his own. At all times he has tried to speak without malice or without prejudice. His desire has been a simple one-to spread the story of the development of a single far-reaching American enterprise as a detailed history; with here and there, perhaps, an unjudicial comment as to the effect of that record upon the life and growth of the community in general.
To make that record, he has had access to reports, letters, documents of every sort. He has read the daily files of many years of the newspapers of Baltimore and elsewhere. He has perused many of the books already written upon the history of the company. Its bibliography, already carefully compiled, is far too extensive to be placed here in full. Printed, it would make a volume quite as large as either of these that go to make the present record. Precise accuracy in this history, he cannot guarantee. That ever has been his aim. But, in the passing of many years, conflicting statements arise. One man's guess is as good as another's. And even records, themselves, are sometimes conflicting and misleading.
All of which is offered not as apology, but as explanation. ... It has been a hard task, compiling this record and making it as accurate as is humanly possible. But it has been a pleasant work. A task made pleasant by the unending help given by so many folk-the officers of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the librarians of the Maryland Historical Society, of the Library of Congress and of the Bureau of Railway Economics; the late Colonel John M. Schoonmaker, Mr. J. B. Yohe, Mr. W. W. Shock, many, many others. Finally, the author would speak a special word for the interest and energy of his secretary, Miss DorHough, who has helped him greatly in the preparation of this book.
E. H. BALTIMORE, March, 1928
Volume 2 CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
BALTIMORE AND OHIO BENDS TO WARTIME TASKS .3
Stonewall Jackson Prays to God and Helps Himself to Its Locomotives-A Brilliant Raid and What Came of It-Guerilla Warfare-And the Unending Struggle to Keep the Bridge at Harpers Ferry-The Destruction of the Monocacy Bridge.
CHAPTER II
A RAILROAD IN WAR TIMES ..26
Mr. Garrett Runs His System-Asks Questions and Keeps His Eyes Open and Misses no Opportunities-Lively Times on the Line-Major Harry Gilmor Halts a Train-And Mr. Lincoln Goes to Gettysburg.
CHAPTER III
THE ARMY TAKES TO THE RAIL 46
Troop Movements on the Baltimore and Ohio-The Eleventh and the Twelfth Army Corps Move West-And the Twenty-Third Comes East-Lincoln's Final Journey-The Dispersal of a Mighty Army.
CHAPTER IV B
ALTIMORE AND OHIO AGAIN EXPANDS .63
Post-War Years-Mr. Garrett Extends His Railroad Into Ohio-Many Improvements to the Line-The Metropolitan Branch is Opened-And the Baltimore and Ohio Goes to Sea.
CHAPTER V
THE IRON HORSE IS PERFECTED.81
Locomotive Development on the Baltimore and Ohio from 1853 to i876-The Controversy Between Ross Winans and Henry J. Tyson-Thatcher Perkins-And the Building of the 600
CHAPTER VI
THE ZENITH OF THE GARRETT ADMINISTRATION 99 More of the Administration of John W. Garrett-Baltimore and Ohio Reaches Pittsburgh-And Then Chicago-A Dream of Southern Conquest-The Valley Railroad and its Early Beginnings.
CHAPTER VII
IN WHICH CLOUDS BEGIN TO SHOW 121
Baltimore and Ohio in the "Black 'Seventies"-Further Expansions of the System - Hotels - The Cumberland Rolling Mills-Rate Slashing-And the Railroad Pools-The Great Strike of 1897.
CHAPTER VIII
THE GARRETT SUN BEGINS TO SET .145 Final Days of that Administration-A Dream of Empire Dissolves-Baltimore and Ohio Loses the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore-And Proceeds to Build Its Own Line Into Philadelphia-The Death of John W. Garrett.
CHAPTER IX
HARD TIMES RIGHT AHEAD .. 163
Baltimore and Ohio Drifts Into Heavy Seas-The Short Administration of Samuel Spencer-Charles F. Mayer and His Struggles to Right the Craft-Increasing Difficulties-And, Finally, Receivership.
CHAPTER X
ENTER THE ROYAL BLUE LINE 180
The Baltimore Belt and the Howard Street Tunnel-Mount Royal Station-The Royal Blue Line Inaugurated-Travel Magnificence-Staten Island Terminals and the New Station in Chicago.
CHAPTER XI
A SHORT RECEIVERSHIP .199
Dark Clouds Roll Up Again-John K. Cowen and Oscar G. Murray Appointed as Receivers-Baltimore and Ohio Comes to New Pinnacles of Business-Foreclosure is Avoided-And the Pennsylvania Buys Control.
CHAPTER XII
THE TURN OF THE CENTURY ..219
Baltimore and Ohio in the Southwest-Early Troubles of the Ohio and Mississippi-General George B. McClellan as Its President-Resigns to Enter the War-Construction Difficulties-A Change in Track Gauge.
CHAPTER XIII
A NEW MASTER AT BALTIMORE... 228
Leonor F. Loree Becomes President of Baltimore and Ohio-Many Additions and Improvements-The Pennsylvania Overlordship-Mr. Gould Enters Pittsburgh-And Baltimore and Ohio Buys, and Sells, Coal Properties.
CHAPTER XIV
MR. MURRAY SUCCEEDS MR. LOREE.... 244
Baltimore Terminal Problems Once Again-The Washington Station, and Its Predecessors-Oscar G. Murray as President-The Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Joins the Baltimore and Ohio Family.
CHAPTER XV
THE FOURTEENTH PRESIDENT .. 264
Mr. Daniel Willard Becomes the Executive of Baltimore and Ohio-Changing Problems in Railroading Bring New Types of Railroaders -Expansion on the System-The Magnolia Cut-Off-New Bridges, Tracks and Cars.
CHAPTER XVI
DIFFICULT PROBLEMS OF OPERATION.281
Early Years of the Willard Administration-Upbuilding a Railroad Morale-The Terrific Ohio Floods of r9r3-Widespread Disaster-Quick Steps Taken to Place the Road in Service Again-The Road's New Financial Structure.
CHAPTER XVII
BALTIMORE AND OHIO IN KHAKI...300
War Breaks Out Overseas and Traffic Multiplies Upon Our Railroads Here-Their Steadily Increasing Burdens-The United States Enters the Conflict and the Railroad War Board is Created-Its Work and Its Achievements.
CHAPTER XVIII
THE END OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL310
A Period of Readjustment-Labor Difficulties-Cooperation Becomes the Watchword-Human Relationship Upon a Railroad-Physical Improvement-Baltimore and Ohio Enters Upon the Second Century of Its History.
APPENDIX
THE FAIR OF THE IRON HORSE. 331
The Centenary of a Railroad-The Birthday Dinner at the Lyric Theater -The Fair of the Iron Horse-Visual History-A Million and a Quarter Persons Visit Halethorpe and See the Transport Development of North America.
INDEX 353
ILLUSTRATIONS
Where The Past Meets The Present (Capitol Limited) Frontispiece
The Arsenal At Harpers Ferry, After Evacuation 10
The First Roundhouse At Martinsburg, Virginia 11
Harpers Ferry After The War 22
Harpers Ferry Today 23
Guarding The Bridge At The Relay House 32
Another View Of The Boston Battery 33
A War Time Train 40
Mount Clare Today 41
A Powder Car Of Civil War Days 48
A Troop Train On The Tray Run Viaduct 49
Mr. Lincoln Writes Mr. Garrett 58
A War-Time Advertisement 59
When Mr. Garrett First Established Locust Point (Stitt Painting)66
Locust Point At A Later Day 67
The Modern Piers At Locust Point 78
Locust Point From The Air 79
The Thatcher Perkins, No. 117 86
The Famous Camel-Back, Ross Winans, No. 21787
Biggest In Its Day Was This Engine, J. C. Davis, No. 60o 96
The First Consolidation 97
The Roundhouses And Shops At Piedmont, West Virginia 108
The First Benwood Bridge. 109
The Great Viaduct At Bellaire, Ohio 116
Along The Valley Railroad, Bollman Bridge, South Of Winchester, Virginia 117
The Hotel And Station At Cumberland, Maryland 126
The Rolling Mill At Cumberland. 127
The Susquehanna River Bridge, 1886. 150
John W. Garrett's Great Pride-Old Office Building 151
Robert Garrett 164
Samuel Spencer 165
Charles F. Mayer 172
The Pittsburgh Passenger Station 173
Mount Royal Station 182
The First Electric Locomotive, 1895 183
The Pride Of The Royal Blue, No. 1310 190
A Passenger Coach Of The Royal Blue Line, 1886 191
Ready For The Day's Run 196
Grand Central Station, Chicago 197
John K. Cowen 210
Russia 211
Fads Bridge Across The Mississippi River At St. Louis 222
The Roundhouse At Martinsburg, West Virginia 223
Leonor F. Loree230
The First Mallet In America 231
They Straightened The Old Main Line 240
Wheeling Passenger Station 241
Oscar G. Murray 246
A Well-Known Washington Landmark, Thirty Years Ago. New Jersey Avenue Station 247
The Union Station, Washington 254
A Modern Terminal, From The Air, Washington Station 255
The Central Headquarters Building, Baltimore 26o
The Brandywine Viaduct, Wilmington, Delaware 261
Daniel Willard 266
On The Magnolia Cut-Off 267
The New Tunnels Under Kingwood 272
A Modern Passenger Coach On The Baltimore And Ohio 273
Modern Passenger Coach, Interior 270
Interior Of A Baltimore And Ohio Dining Car 279
When The Waters Rolled Over Zanesville 290
Clearing Up Flood Wreckage 291
Across The Great Miami Today 298
The Baltimore And Ohio Bridge Over The Allegheny River At Pittsburgh299
The Water-Tube Fire Box Arrives 312
The Mallet Of Today 313
The Lord Baltimore 324
The President Washington 325
The Centenary Medal 338
A Centenary Poster 339
The Fair Of The Iron Horse 342
As The Folk In The Grand Stand Saw The Pageant 343
Modern Locomotives On Exhibition 348
From Far Off Britain Came This Regal Engine-King George V 349
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