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Steel of Empire by John Murray Gibbon Canadia Pacific Northwest Passage Hard Cov
Steel of Empire by John Murray Gibbon
The romantic history of the Canadian Pacific , the Northwest Passage of today
Hard Cover Writin on page with title only,
Copyright 1935 FIRST EDITION
423 pages Indexed illustrated
Table of Contents
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I THE LURE OF CATHAY
The river of ideas-Marco Polo creates the lure of Cathay-Columbus seeks a direct western route-Spaniards find their El Dorado in Mexico and Peru-Portuguese reach Cathay by rounding the Cape of Good Hope-French explore the St. Lawrence River and thereby find fortune in furs-English seek Cathay by the Northwest Passage-Drake explores the Pacific-Dutch colonise the Hudson River-East India Company enters the Orient-Hui Sien, Chinese missionary, discovers America in 499 A.D.
II FRENCH FUR TRADERS
Idea of the St. Lawrence route developed by the FrenchChamplain-Joliet-Marquette-La Salle-Mississippi Company-Beaver, fur and fashion-Hudson's Bay Company-French fur traders-La Vwins the fur country of Canada from the French.
III CHINESE INFLUENCE ON EUROPE
Ideas of China influence Europe-China tea introduced into England by a Portuguese Princess-Chinese porcelainChinoiseries-Chinese influence on literature, architecture and gardens-Dutch East India Company-Luxury of the Nabobs-An embassy that failed-Northwest Passage sought by way of the Pacific.
IV OVERLAND TO THE PACIFIC
Scottish merchants of Montreal take over the French fur-trade route-St. Annes-Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Arctic by the Mackenzie River-Americans enter the tea trade with China-Canton the fur market of the Orient-Captain Cook in the Pacific-Nootka and the fur traders-Alexander Mackenzie crosses the Canadian Rockies to reach the Pacific-Captain Vancouver-Alexander Mackenzie's plan of an Imperial Company to dominate the Pacific-David Thompson-Simon Fraser.
V ASTORIAN ADVENTURE
Idea of Astoria-John Jacob Astor, fur trader and tea merchant, plans with Jefferson to anticipate the British-Lewis and Clarke Expedition-The Tonquin-Sandwich Islands-Astoria-Outmanoeuvred by the Nor'westers Donald Mackenzie as Machiavelli-The Beaver Club celebrates-Patriotism tempered with business-Growth of tea drinking among fur traders-John McLoughlin at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.
VI WATERWAYS
Transportation by waterway-Canoes run on time-Masters of the Wilderness-Princely fare-Meeting place at Fort William-Route of the Nor'westers-York boats and batteaux-Tom Moore's Canadian boat song.
VII CANADA IN THE FORTIES
Lachine-Donald A. Smith arrives-Canada in 1838-First Canadian railway-Lord Durham's vision-Early railroads in the United States-Canada lags behind-Tide of immigration-Roads-Canals and waterways-Shipbuilding in Canada-Allan Line the pioneer-Colonisation -William Lyon Mackenzie-John A. Macdonald-James Douglas.
VIII OPENING OF CHINA AND JAPAN
Lure of the Pacific continues-Opium Trade-Chinese War of 184o makes Hong Kong a British Colony-Hawaii -Australia-New Zealand-Gold discovered in California -Japan opened to European trade by Commodore Perry-Hong Kong enlarged following Chinese War of 186o.
IX COLUMBIA AND FRASER RIVERS
Sir George Simpson's overland trip round the world-Simpson Pass-Sitka-Hawaiian fashions-The Columbia River-Oregon boundary question-Hudson's Bay Company moves to Fort Victoria on Vancouver Island-Fraser River now the route to the interior-New Caledonia renamed British Columbia-Cariboo gold rush.
X PIERCING MOUNTAIN BARRIERS
Milton and Cheadle declare for the Northwest Passage by land-Walter Moberly discovers the Eagle Pass over the Gold Range-How the Kicking Horse River got its name-Bute Inlet comes into the picture-Alfred Wadding-ton's abortive effort.
XI NEW BLOOD FROM SCOTLAND
Atlantic Service and the Allans-More new blood from Scotland-George Stephen brings new ideas on merchandising-Colonel Garnet Wolseley on the Chinese-The Bank of Montreal-R. B. Angus.
XII RAILWAYS AND EXPLORATION
John A. Macdonald on transportation-Roads and railways-The United States rushes into railroad construction-Canadian promoters-Interest in the western prairies -Captain John Palliser-S. J. Dawson-Henry Youle Hind -The Red River settlement asks for a road-First steamers on the Red River-John A. Macdonald looks to the East-The Intercolonial Railway-Sandford Fleming.
XIII CONFEDERATION
Political ideas bring a new current to swell the stream Immigration-Leaders in the idea of Confederation-John A. Macdonald, Dr. Charles Tupper-Georges Etienne Carder-Alexander T. Galt-George Brown-D'Arcy McGee-Disraeli and "those wretched Colonies"-British North America Act.
XIV RED RIVER EXPEDITION
Louis Riel's Rebellion of 1870-Secretary O'DonaghueDonald A. Smith a peacemaker from Canada-John A. Macdonald fears American intervention-Colonel Garnet Wolseley commands the Red River Expedition-The Dawson road-A bloodless victory-The Canadian voyageur.
XV THE FIRST PACIFIC RAILWAY
British Columbia enters Confederation on condition that the Canadian Pacific Railway be built-Surveys start at once-Routes found over the Yellowhead and Howse Passes through the Canadian Rockies-Delays due to Bute Inlet-Romance and dangers of surveying-Political trouble at Ottawa-The "Pacific Scandal" puts Macdonald out of office.
XVI GOVERNMENT CONSTRUCTION
Donald Smith works for immigration into the Canadian West-Father Lacombe-Jim Hill-Norman W. Kittson and the Red River Transportation Company-Alexander Mackenzie goes slow-Royal Northwest Mounted Police organised-The first C.P.R. locomotive the Countess of Duflerin arrives at Winnipeg-Burrard Inlet selected as Pacific outlet for the railway-Moody on its military value-Andrew Onderdonk gets contracts for construction: imports Chinese labour.
XVII MACDONALD NEGOTIATES
The idea of Imperialism flows in-Macdonald and Disraeli-Sir John Rose as London adviser-Ice bridge at Winnipeg-The Pembina Branch-Money made in the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad-"Get their money" says John Henry Pope-George Stephen as a coy fiancis turned down by the Grand Trunk -Agreement with the Syndicate-Terms better for the government than previously considered necessary-Macdonald steam-rollers the charter through Parliament.
XVIII GEORGE STEPHEN AT THE HELM
George Stephen's gigantic problems-Plans for settlement-Early officers-Major A. B. Rogers surveys for a new pass over the Selkirks-Route located further south-Marquis of Lorne as propagandist-"Truth" and the "Dominion Bubble"-Van Home is appointed general manager.
XIX HUSTLE AND PROGRESS
The idea of hustle-Van Home's career and ideals-Winnipeg's cold reception-Forgotten in the boom-Father Lacombe-Northwest Mounted Police keep order in the railroad camps-A record in construction-Kicking Horse Pass route authorised-Manitoba versus the Dominion-Provincial railway charter disallowed-Macdonald demands speed on Lake Superior Section-Acquisitions in the East.
XX NEW ROUTE THROUGH MOUNTAINS
Attacks by the Grand Trunk-Jim Hill withdraws-Ships on the Great Lakes-More eastern extensions-Construction reaches the Great Divide-H. S. Holt and James Ross-Sandford Fleming sent to confirm Rogers Pass as practical route-Financial Clouds-Guarantee purchased for dividend.
XXI FINANCE AND MOUNTAIN CAMPS
Loan of $22,500,000 requested-Macdonald tries to make the railway political-Duncan McIntyre resigns-Shaughnessy goes up-Stephen's policy towards the Grand Trunk -Construction north of Lake Superior-Tough town at Yale-Strikes-Morley Roberts' vivid picture of the mountain camps-Van Home makes an inspection trip-Two days' starvation does not destroy his optimism-Stephen goes to England to arrange Trans-Pacific service.
XXII NEAR-RUIN AND REBELLION
Canadian Pacific faces bankruptcy-Macdonald disturbed but unwilling to pay more-British Columbia shuts out Chinese labour-No money for payroll-Strikes in the Camps-Riel Rebellion shows military value of the railway-Van Home's masterly handling of troop movements -Macdonald relents but postpones relief till his Franchise Bill is passed-Loan of $5,000,000 authorised at the eleventh hour-Stephen secures money in England-$8,000,000 of loans repaid to government.
XXIII THE LAST SPIKE 292
Onderdonk pays off his men-Pagans and Christians-Driving of the last spike at Craigellachie-Iron not Gold-Sir Donald Smith wields the hammer-Sidelights on history-Lord Lansdowne's tribute-Message from Queen Victoria-Major Rogers
and the uncashed cheque-Stephen in England has his eye on the Pacific-Knighthoods for Stephen and Smith.
XXIV FIRST THROUGH TRANSCONTINENTAL 303
City of Vancouver incorporated-Catering for far eastern travellers-Hotel System inaugurated-Obligations to Canadian Government repaid-First through transcontinental train-Sir John Macdonald visits British Columbia -Commercial telegraphs-New ideas-Chief Crowfoot's thanks-Atlantic Service on the tapis.
XXV PACIFIC SERVICE AND PRAIRIES 31I
Lord Salisbury's fear of Russia-Military value of Canadian Pacific realised-Temporary service started on the Pacific-Oriental traffic realised-Extension of main line to Vancouver-Renaming mountain peaks-Manitoba railway charters disallowed-Annexationist propaganda-Red River Valley Railway-George Francis Train suggests a remedy.
XXVI VAN HORNE RAMPANT
Canadian Pacific waives the Monopoly Clause-Stephen resigns in favour of Van Horne-Stephen's valedictory message-Van Horne's magnetic personality-Art and advertising-Manitoba once more demands its rights-The mock battle of Fort Whyte-Van Horne replies to Grand Trunk attacks-Interstate Commerce Committee investigates-Growing coolness of Macdonald-Stephen threatens to leave the Board.
XXVII ORIENT AND CROW'S NEST PASS
Mail Subsidy granted for Pacific Service-Three Empresses ordered-Shaughnessy sent to the Orient-The ChFrontenac-Americans as well as British feel the lure of the Orient-"Soo" Line extended to join Canadian Pacific in the West-Van Horne on guard against Hill-New route across the Canadian Rockies by the Crow's Nest Pass-Gold and Coal in Southern British Columbia-Depression strikes North America-Stephen gets a peerage -Why he sold out his Canadian Pacific shares-Van Horne is knighted-Canadian Pacific attracts American interest.
XXVIII LORD STRATHCONA, IMPERIALIST 345
Sir Donald Smith comes to the front-A student of Aristotle-Becomes high commissioner and Lord StrathconaAn immigration propagandist-Finds a co-worker in Clifford Sifton-Strathcona's Horse-Prosperity returns in full flood-Van Horne now chairman yields presidency to Shaughnessy-His record.
XXIX SHAUGHNESSY'S R
Sidelights on Shaughnessy-A level-headed organiser-No political entanglements-Gold rush to the Yukon-Coastal service established in British Columbia-Russia and the Orient-A Royal Train-Atlantic service inaugurated by purchase of Elder Dempster Fleet-Mail subsidy shared with Allan Line-New method of financing-The irrigation block-Liberals support rival railways-C.P.R. goes on building-Laurier and Strathcona propose All Red Line from Great Britain to Australasia-Shaughnessy opposes as premature-The Oriental problem in B.C.
XXX EXTENSIONS AND COLONISATION 367
Huge C.P.R. programme-Shaughnessy now chairman and president-Van Horne's philosophy-ReciprocityColonisation-Austrian adventure-Death of Strathcona.
XXXI C.P.R. AND THE WAR
War-Military record of the C.P.R.-Steamship patrols on Atlantic and Pacific-Losses by enemy action-Angus Shops manufacture shells-Dilution of labour-Purchasing for the Allies-Enlistments and veterans.
XXXII E. W. BEATTY STEPS UP 384
Shaughnessy resigns presidency in favour of E. W. Beatty -First Canadian-born president-Personal traits-Other Canadian Railways go bankrupt and are absorbed into a government system-Lord Shaughnessy's warning disregarded-The bogey of monopoly again-The Canadian Pacific goes ahead with record programme of construction -Steamships-Hotels-Smelters-Colonisation.
XXXIII THE RAILWAY AS CITIZEN
Burden on tax-payers from deficits on state-owned railways-The idea of citizenship comes into play-E. W. Beatty's suggested remedy-Changing conditions in regard to railways-United front recommended against other forms of transportation-Part played by Canadian Pacific in development of Canada-An outstanding leader.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX415
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