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Railway Building by Cecil J Allen Hard Cover
Railway Building by Cecil J Allen with 136 illustrations
Hard Cover TITLE PAGE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS LOOSE
192 pages
Copyright 1926
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I THE IRON ROAD-PAST AND PRESENT
Early " Plate-ways "-The First " Rail-way "-Cugnot's Steam Carriage-Opposition to the Railways-George Stephenson and the Stockton and Darlington Railway-A Century of Railway Development-Railway Mileage of the World-The Grouping of British Railways-The Railway Centenary, 1825-1925 1
CHAPTER II HOW RAILWAYS ARE PLANNED
Considerations in the Mind of the Engineer-Cost of Construction versus Cost of Working-Planning a Line to " Pay "-Following River Valleys-Straight and Level Railways-How the G.W.R. has built 150 miles of New Line to cut off Corners-The Obstacle of Mountainous Country 17
CHAPTER III RAILWAY GRADIENTS
What Gradients mean to a Locomotive-Rising to get out of London-How Even Grading may increase the Cost of Line Construction-Heavy Gradients involve Light Loads or "Double-Heading" of Trains-Unavoidably Steep Gradients-The Difficulty of Skirting the Sea-coast-Amongst the Mountains-The Working of Exceptional Gradients 33
CHAPTER IV RAILWAY GAUGES, WIDE AND NARROW
Standard Gauge-How the Curious Figure of 4 feet 81 inches was chosen-The "Broad Gauge" of the G.W.R.-American and Continental Gauges -Metre Gauge-South African Railway Development on 3 feet 6 inch Gauge-Break of Gauge in Australia-Advantages of Narrow Gauge-"Toy" Railways in North Wales-Minimum Gauges-15-inch Gauge Railways 49
CHAPTER V RAILWAYS AMONG THE MOUNTAINS
Alpine Railways-Main Lines through Switzerland-The St. Gotthard Railway-Preserving an Even Grade-Spiral Tunnels-The Wasen Double Loop Double Cockscrew " at Giornico-The Loetschberg Railway-Remarkable Narrow-Gauge Lines in the Engadine-Carrying the Canadian Pacific through the Mountains of Western Canada-Easing the " Big Hill"-Cutting out the Rogers Pass Route-Rack Railways-The Steepest Railway in the World-The Jungfrau Railway-The World's Highest Railway Summits . 62
CHAPTER VI TUNNELS AND TUBES
The Cost of Tunnelling-Setting Out-Boring-The Greathead Shield-The Price Rotary Excavator-Tube Tunnels-" Cut-and-Cover " Tunnels-Remarkable Tunnel Junctions-Unexpected Difficulties-Underground Quicksands-The Severn Tunnel-The " Great Spring " and the " Bore "-Longest British Tunnels-Swiss Tunnels-The St. Gotthard and the Simplon-The Loetschberg Tunnel and its Disastrous History-The Canadian Connaught Tunnel 78
CHAPTER VII BRIDGES AND VIADUCTS
Brick and Masonry Bridges-Plate-Girder Bridges-Lattice Girder Bridges" Double-Deck " Bridges-Viaducts-Britannia Tubular Bridge-Saltash Bridge-The Forth Bridge-The Tay Bridge-How Costly Structures are made to " Pay "-Quebec Bridge-Trestle Bridges-Lethbridge Viaduct-Opening Bridges-" Rolling-Lift " Bridges 95
CHAPTER VIII BUILDING THE LINE
Surveying the Route-Inviting Tenders-Letting the Contract-Setting Out -Fencing-The " Overland Route "-The First Cut-Excavation and Embankment-Steam Excavators-Slope of Banks-Chalk and Clay -Drainage-Erection of Bridges-Difficult Erection Jobs-Completing the Works-Government Inspection 112
CHAPTER IX THE PERMANENT WAY
" Permanent " Way that is not Permanent-Steel Rails-Weight and Length of Rails-Wear of Rails-" Bull-Head " versus " Flat-Bottomed" Rails-Chairs and Keys-Rail-Joints-Expansion-Sleepers and their Preservation-Steel Sleepers-The Cost of Railway Track-Switches-LockingBars-Crossings-Fencing-Headlights and " Cowcatchers "-Track Supervision-Gangers and Plate-layers-Inspections-Permanent Way of Electric Railways . - . 122
CHAPTER X RAILWAY STATIONS AND THE HANDLING OF PASSENGERS
Platforms versus No Platforms-Circulating Space-American " Train Sheds "-The Largest Stations-Waterloo-Liverpool Street - Edinburgh Waverley-Victoria-Clapham Junction-r73o Trains a Day-" Loops " instead of Terminal Platforms-Getting Passengers quickly off the Trains -Handling Tube Passengers-Lifts-Escalators-Automatic Booking-Offices-" Rush " Hour Traffic-Summer Holiday Traffic-Week-end Railway Difficulties 138
CHAPTER XI SIGNALS AND RAILWAY SIGNALLING
Safety in British Railway Travel-The Semaphore Signal-The B1ocllrSystemHome and Distant Signals-Distinguishing Distant Signals at Night-Pivoted versus " Somersault " Signal-Arms-Starting and Advanced Starting Signals-Three-Position Signals-Draw-Ahead Signals-Ground Discs-Signal Gantries-Route-Indicating Signals-Colour-Light Signals . 151
CHAPTER XII INSIDE THE SIGNAL-BOX
The Lever-Frame -Interlocking-Signalling Instruments-The Signalling Code-Engines Headlights-" Lock-and-Block " Signalling-Track Circuit-Permissive Block Working-Power Signalling-Automatic Signalling -Working Single Lines-The Electric Train-Staff 168
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