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Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Improvement Programs A Two Day Training Course P
Railroad Highway Grade Crossing Improvement Programs A Two Day Training Course Participant Notebook INCLUDES 2 photocopies Track Foremans Training Program Lesson 1, Track Foremans Training Program Lesson 2
3 Ring Binder
232 pages, 21 pages, 37 pages
Copyright April 1978, Revised November 1979
Copyright for Lesson 1 1975
Copyright for Lesson 3 1975
CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION1
1.1 Background 2
1.1.1 Grade Crossing Accidents5
1.1.2 Improvement Efforts 6
1.2 Objectives 11
1.3 Purpose and Scope of Handbook 12
1.4 Method of Presentation 13
1.4.1 Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Improvement Process 14
1.4.2 Handbook Content 15
1.5 Terminology 17
1.6 References 17
2.0 GRADE CROSSING COMPONENTS AND RELATIONSHIPS 19
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Highway Vehicle Operator 21
2.2.1 Driver Behavior at Grade Crossings 21
2.3 Pedestrians 27
2.3.1. Preventive Measures 27
2.4 Motor Vehicle Characteristics 30
2.4.1 Motor Vehicles 30
2.5 Trains 31
2.5.1Audibility 34
2.5.2 Visibility and Conspicuity 36
2.5.3 Train Mix 38
2.6 Site Characteristics 38
2.6.1 Geometry 38
2.6.2 Surfaces 43
2.6.3 Environment 45
2.6.4 Illumination 45
2.6.5 Sight Distance 45
2.7 References 46
3.0 PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION 47
3.1 Introduction 48
3.2 Program Organization 50
3.2.1 Program Element I: Program Authority and Responsibility 51
3.2.2 Program Element II: Program Development 53
3.2.3 Program Element III: Program Definition 53
3.2.4 Program Element IV: Program Approval and Implementation 57
3.2.5 Program Element V: Program Coordination, Review, and Continuation 59
3.2.6 Staffing 61
3.3 Funding Sources 61
3.3.1 Federal Sources 63
3.3.2 Special State Funds 57
3.3.3 Local Agency Funding 67
3.3.4 Railroad Funding Status 67
3.4 Master Agreements 63
3.5 Legal Considerations 69
3.6 Crossing Education 70
3.7 Enforcement 72
.3.8 Equipment 73
3.9 References 74
4.0 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT 75
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Data Requirements and Data Sources 77
4.2.1 Inventory 79
4.2.2 Accident Data 82
4.2.3 Summary 84
4.3Hazard Index, Priority Rating and Warrants 85
4.3.1 Improvement Based on Hazard Ratings 85
4.3.2 Improvement Based on Warrants 91
4.3.3 Computer-Based Hazard Indices 93
4.4 Improvement Alternatives 98
4.4.1 Crossing Closure 93
4.4.2 Railroad Consolidation and Relocation 100
4.4.3 Grade Separations 101
4.4.4 Surfaces 101
4.4.5 Traffic Control Devices 101
4.4.6 Site Improvements 102
4.4.7Illumination 102
4.4.8 Summary 103
4.5 Diagnostic Team1J4
4.5.1 Team Composition104
4.5.2 Diagnostic Study Support Data 106
4.5.3 Diagnostic Study Questionnaire 107
4.5.4 Diagnostic Study Procedure 111
4.5.5 Documentation 113
4.6 Implementation 113
4.6.1 Site Improvements 114
4.6.2 Crossing Surfaces 114
4.6.3 Traffic Control Devices 114
4.7 References 115
5.0 SITE IMPROVEMENTS 117
5.1 Introduction 118
5.2 Sight Distance 113
5.2.1 Minimum Sight Triangle118
5.2.2 Obstructions121
5.3 Geometric Design 122
5.3.1 Horizontal Alignment127
5.3.2 Vertical Alignment128
5.4 Cross Section128
5.5 Drainage 129
5.6 Illumination 129
5.7 References 132
6.0 CROSSING SURFACES 133
6.1 Function and Safety Import 134
6.2 Types135
6.3 Selection Guidelines 150
6.3.1 Composite Crossings 150
6.3.2 Estimated Costs 151
6.4Installation Guidelines153
6.4.1Specification References 153
6.4.2 Preparation of Track Structure153
6.4.3 Special Subgrade Treatment 154
6.4.4 Track Structural Details 158
6.5 Surface Condition 163
6.6 References 166
7.0 GRADE CROSSING TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES167
7.1Passive Devices 168
7.1.1Signs 168
7.1.2 Pavement Markings 175
7.2 Active Devices 176
7.2.1Flashing Light Signals 176
7.2.2 Automatic Gates 135
7.2.3 Bells 190
7.3 Automatic Control 191
7.3.1 Train Detection Circuits 191
7.3.2 Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
7.3.3 Highway Signal Preemption 196
7.4 Selection Guidelines 202
7.4.1 Selection of Grade Crossing Control Devices 202
7.4.2 Selection of Control System 204
7.5 Design Guidelines 206
7.5.1 Typical Locations of Grade Crossing Traffic Control Devices 206
7.5.2 Computation of Length of Approach Track Circuit 224
7.5.3 Size of Roundels for Flashing Light Signals 225
7.6 Operation Guidelines 225
7.6.1 Fail-Safe Operation 226
7.6.2 Standby Power 226
7.7 Maintenance 228
7.7.1 Cost Effectiveness 229
7.7.2 Responsibility and Jurisdiction 229
7.7.3 Traffic Control During Maintenance Operations 229
7.7.4 Scheduling 230
7.7.5 Coordination 230
7.7.6 Identification and Reporting 231
7.8 References 231
WORKSHOP: ANALYSIS OF GRADE CROSSING PROBLEMS 232a
8.0 GRADE CROSSING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 233
8.1 DOT Research and Development 234
8.2 Innovative Grade Crossing Traffic Control Devices 239
8.2.1 Flashing Lights 239
8.2.2 Crossing Gates 239
8.2.3 Advance Warning Signs 240
8.3 References 241
9.0 LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS FOR HIGHWAY SAFETY 242
9.1 Introduction 243
9.2 The Immunity History 244
9.3 What Are The Immunities? 245
9.4 Liability of State Highway Departments and Local Governments 2.48
9.5 Guidelines and Procedures for Avoiding Tort Claims . . . 250
9.5.1 Handling Complaints and Reports 250
9.5.2 Inventory of Traffic Control Devices 251
9.5.3 Design and Operational Reviews 251
9.5.4 Tort Liability Insurance 251
9.5.5 Summary of Tort Loss Reduction Guidelines 252
9.6 References 252
PREFACE
This Participant's Notebook has been prepared as a supporting document for a training course entitled "Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Improvement Programs." Since one of the objectives of the course is to introduce the Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook, this notebook then contains the Handbook and other supporting information. It will be noted that each chapter of the handbook is treated as a session in the training course; thus, training objectives and a session outline are included at the beginning of each chapter.
Another objective of the training course is to obtain from the potential users of the handbook review comments relative to the document, and constructive comments to help the authors improve the document. Therefore, it is requested that you provide comments at the end of the course on the evaluation forms provided. Further, when you have had an opportunity for an in-depth review, any additional comments will be most helpful in the final revisions of the Handbook.
The course schedule is shown on the following page. Although the specific dates of your training course are omitted, the general time schedule is provided. Also, as an added feature a very timely presentation from another course, "Legal Responsibility of Public Officials for Highways Safety", is presented in the final session. This is a slide-tape presentation prepared by an attorney. It provides information on how to reduce the effects of tort liability for public officials.
All pictures are of the actual item. If this is a railroad item, this material is obsolete and no longer in use by the railroad. Please email with questions. Publishers of Train Shed Cyclopedias and Stephans Railroad Directories. Large inventory of railroad books and magazines. Thank you for buying from us.
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