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Maritime Canal of Suez from 1869-1884 by JE Nourse Hard Cover Ex-Library Book
Maritime Canal of Suez from 1869-1884 by JE Nourse
Hard Cover Notice wear to cover, Ex-Library Book, writing on title page, multiple foldouts
164 pages
Copyright 1884
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS.
"Isthmus of Suez"; Admiralty chart 7
Map of the Suez Canal Company, with longitudinal profile 22
Picture of de Lesseps 28
Port Said 46
Ismailia 54
Suez56
Porteur de dclapets lat 58
Bateau porteur de d59
Drague long couloir 68
Appareil 69
L`l71
Dredge with long spout 72
Amsterdam Canal and locks 140
American excavator at work at Culebra 146
INDEX
[References apply to the Suez Canal, except where otherwise noted.]
Abbas Pasha, opposed to a canal, 28.
Academy, French, report on canals, 24.
Academy of Sciences, National, report on Greytown Harbor, 134, 136.
Alaska and Arizona, passare of the, 96.
Alert, the passage of; 81, 89.
Ammen, D., Admiral, directs the canal surveys of Central America, 136; member of the Commission of 1879, 137; " his discussion of the surveys," 151.
Ammen, J., General, letter to committee of the House of Representatives, 141.
Amsterdam Canal, the, 19 ; locks of, 140.
Atrato route, survey of, by Captain Selfridge, 150, 151.
Brito Harbor, examined by Childs, 135; by Lull, 136; by McFarland, 139; by Mitchell, 141.
Bright, Mr. John, favors the Suez Canal, 38.
Brown, R. M. G., Lieut., report of, 148, 157.
Bulwer, Sir Henry, inspects the Suez Canal, 60.
Canal, American, the importance of, stated by the Presidents of the United States, 130 ; by Senator Windom, 130; by S. L. Phelps, 132; by Maury, 133; by General Grant, 152; a more serious problem than the Suez Canal, 134-153; official documents on the, list of, 154, 155.
Canal, Amsterdam, the, 19 ; its locks, 140.
Canal, Caledonia, the, 19.
Canal, Suez, the, authorities for report on, 5, 154; location and character, 7; commercial and financial results, 8; distances saved by the route, 19 ; line chosen, 21, 3,L; problem of, 23 ; traditional ideas of an old canal, 24 ; first concession, 33 ; international commission appointed, 35 ; preparatory work, 37 ; the canal opposed by D'Israeli, and supported by Gladstone, 39 ; company formed, 40 ; first blow struck, 48; the piers, 49; work on Lake Menzaleh, 52; on El Guisr, 53; on Lake Timsah, 54; in the Bitter Lakes and Chalouf, 55; at Suez, i;6; machinery employed, 58-67; laborers withdrawn, 60; Hawkshaw's report, 62; firman obtained, 70; the canal inaugurated, 72; the Fresh-water Route, 74; its imperfect state, 77; difficulties as to " tonnage," 78; passage of United States vessels, 81-96; expenses, , 97; value of stock, 98; England's purchase, 99; reports of cos`s and condition, 10, 15, 36, 100-102 ; financial condition in 1884, 108; improvements, 109; reports to the AssemblGand by United States Consul Pomeroy, 110-113; influence on ship-building, 113-118; insufficient for commerce, 119; new arrangements, 121 ; correspondence between Lesseps and Gladstone, L14; English occupation (1882), 126; chronicle of events, 129 ; cost of, 9, 14, 17, 129; aless difficult problem than the American Canal, 130; indirect maritime canal proposed, 118.
Canal, Freshwater, the, 74.
Chalonf, work at, 55.
Chandler, W. E., Secretary Navy's letter, 4.
Chesney, R. A., Capt., proposes a ship-canal, in 1830, 26.
Childs, O. W., survey of Nicaragua, 135.
Cholera on the Isthmus, 70.
Collins, F., Lieut., surveys by, for American Canal, 136, 150, 151, 155.
Commission of French Academy, report, 24.
Commission, international, report (1856), 35.
Commission of 1879, report of, on American Canal, 137.
Compagnie Universal Maritime formed, 40 ; stock taken, 45 ; shares purchased by England, 17, 99.
Concession for a canal, 33, 36; cost of the canal, 9, 14, 17, 129.
Cooper, Admiral, report on Panaqia Canal, 142, 146, 156.
Craven, T. A., Lieut., report on the Truando route, 151, 154.
Davidson, G., Prof., visits Port Said, 50.
Darien survey, the, by Selfridge, 136, 155.
De Leon, E., Consul-General United States, account of de Lesseps' work, 28, 61; of Egypt's debt, 66.
Delta of Egypt described by Rawlinson, 20.
Directors, British, reports to Parliament, 15, 18, 101.
D'Israeli opposes the canal, 39.
Distances saved by the Suez Canal, 19; by an American canal, 152.
Edinburgh Review opposes the canal, 36.
El Guisr, work at, 53.
Eugenie at the inauguration, 72.
Excavation, whole amount of, 72.
Farman, United States Consul, reports, 10, 65, 97.
Fellabs, labor of, 12, 52; withdrawn, 60.
Firman, the Sultan's, granted, 70.
Fitzgerald, W. E., volumes quoted, 64, 75.
Fontane, M., letter from, 10.
Fresh-water Canal, the, 74.
Gladstone, W., supports the canal, 33; letter to essops, 124.
Glynn, J. C. E., proposes a ship canal in 1851, 26.
Goodrich, C. F., Lierat. Commr., letter of, 8; on the occupation of the canal, 127.
Grant, U. S., on the American canal, 152.
Greytown Harbor, report on by Childs, 135; by West, 135; by Academy of Sciences, 136; by Menocal, 136; by the Commission of 1879, 137; by McFarland, 138; by Mitchell, 140.
Harte, United States Consul, report, 115.
Hartford, passage of the, 81.
Hawkshaw, Sir J., report of, 62.
Hill, C. S., notes on labor in Europe, 66.
Inauguration of the canal, 72.
Iroquois, the passage of, 81, 84.
Ismailia, 22, 54, 75.
Jones, United States Consul, report, 114.
Kearsarge, passage of the, 81.
Kelly, F. M., surveys for, of San Blas route, 150.
Lakes, the Bitter, 55 ; filled, 71.
Lange, Sir Daniel, agent of the Canal Company, 38.
Le Pere exploration under Buonaparte, 26, 30.
Lesseps, F. de, Lettres, journal et documents of, 6; letter in North American Review 11 ; influence of Waghorn's work upon, 27; letter to Ruyssenaers, 28; invited to Egypt and presents a memorandum to Said Pasha, 29; explores the Isthmus, 32. receivesthe first concession, 33; forms the international commission, 35 ; his second concession, 36; forms the Universal Maritime Canal Company, 37; explores the Isthmus, 37 ; visits England, 38; interview with Palmerston, 38 ; letter to President Buchanan, 41 ; opens the subscription, 42 ; letter to Sir Stratford de Redcliffe, 43 ; returns to the Isthmus, 48 ; strikes the first blow on the canal, 48 ; receives an arbitration by Louis Napoleon, 66; receives the Sultan's firman, 70; passes through the canal, 71; opens it to commerce,, 72 ; protests against the decision as to the tonnage question, 79; letter to Madame Delamalle, 108; agrees to the reduction of tolls, 124; letter on the neutralization of the canal, 125; protests against the occupation of the canal by the British, 128; begins a canal across Panama, 142; reports the expectation of its being opened in 1888, 150.
Linant Bey explores the Isthmus, 32, 48.
Locke, United States Consul, report, 116.
Lull, E. P., Commander, U. S. N., reports, 136, 151, 155.
MacFarland, Major, U. S. N., report on Nicaragua, 137.
Machinery employed, 58, 67; on Panama Canal, 146; American, superiority of, 146.
Maury, Lieutenant, letter quoted, 132.
Mehemet Ali, advice to Lesseps, 28.
Menocal, A. G., C. E., surveys in Nicaragua and Panama, 136,139.
Menzaleh, Lake, 22; work on, 51.
Mitchell, H., report on Greytown Harbor, 140.
Monongahela, passage of the, 81.
Mougel Bey explores the Isthmus, 32, 48.
Nicaragua route, the, 135, 151, 155.
Napoleon the First's charge to Lepere, 26; Napoleon, Louis, favors the canal, 40; awards an indemnity, 65.
Napoleon, Prince Jerome, appointed the defender of the canal, 40.
Neutralization of the canal, 122.
Palmerston, Lord, opposes the canal, 39, 42.
Palos, passage of the, 81, 82.
Panama Canal, the, 141; Garella's survey, 141 ; Lull's, 142; Lesseps's work on, 143 to 150.
Paris, Vice-Admiral, memoir, 69.
Pasha, Abbas, opposes the canal, 28; Said Pasha grants a concession, 35; Ismail attends the inauguration, 72.
Pelusium, 21, 46.
Pomeroy, Consul-General, report in (1884), 110.
Presidents of the United States, messages of, for the American canal, 130, 144.
President Buchanan's letter from Lesseps, 41.
Quarantine on the canal, 102.
Rainfall on the Suez Route, 75, 129; in Panama, 148.
Ranger, passage of the, 81.
Richmond, passage of the, 81.
Rodgers, Lieutenant, report of, 143.
Ruyssenaers, letter to, from Lesseps, and his assistance throughout the work, 28.
Saco, passage of the, 81.
Said, Port, position of, 7 ; report on, by British directors, 16 ; selection of, 46.
Said Pasha grants the concession, 33.
St.-Hillaire, Barth, explores the Isthmus, 47.
San Blas Route, the, 150.
Selfridge, T. O. Commr. surveys by, 150-152, 155.
Ship-building increased by the canal, 113.
Shufeldt, Captain, report on the Tehuantepec Route, 134, 151, 155.
Steam lines, 57, 110.
Stephenson, R., opposes the canal, 27 ; 39.
Suez Isthmus, 7, 20, 32, 35, 47, 48.
Suez Harbor, 7, 22, 46, 56.
Surveys, naval, 136.
Swatara, passage of the, 81.
Tehuantepec Route, 134, 151, 155.
Tennessee, passage of the, 85.
Timsah, Lake, 22, 53, 60.
Totten, G. M., plans of, for Panama Canal, 142; endorses Lesseps' route, 149.
Tonnage question, the, 77.
Waghorn, Lieutenant, begins the overland route, 27.
Walker, J. G., Commodore, letter to, 5.
Wolf, United States Consul, report of, 100.
The Maritime Canal of Suez from its Inauguration November 17 1869 to the Year 1884. Prepared under orders of the Bureau of Navigation Navy Department by Prof. JE Nourse, USN.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
NAVY DEPARTMENT, Washington, March 20, 1882.
SIR : I have the honor to submit herewith to the Department a paper descriptive of the maritime canal of Suez, to the study of which I have been directed by its connection with the general subject of interoceanic communication.
The history has for its basis of authority chiefly the information liberally placed before me by the president of the canal company while on duty in Paris in the year 1875, together with other official reports and correspondence freely contributed by him from the year 1867 to the present date, especially the five volumes of the "Lettres Journal et Documents," of M. de Lesseps, for the years 1854 to 1869, inclusive. In order to present the fullest available data, I have made use of English authorities; from the Parliamentary reports, the returns made as late as 1883 by the English directors now holding place in the council of the company; also, the returns to the State Department from our own consuls.
The reports to the Department from the commanders of eleven of the United States steamers which have passed through the canal have furnished data of much interest, confirming the opinion of one of their commanders that "its navigation is in many of its features exceptional, and of a character to interest officers of the service."
An abstract of the earliest of these papers is made from the Secretary of the Navy's report of 1870, with copies of such others as have been found on the files of the Department.
I indulge the hope that the statements now presented may prove useful, both as a rof the route itself, and in relation to any caualization proposed for our own Isthmus; and this despite of well-known, essentially diverse physical characteristics.
The experience of the Suez Canal seems to be especially instructive by its full success in the construction of a " harbor against nature," an argument cumulative in favor of reclaiming any shoaled harbor. Its experience further shows the stimulation of an unprecedented activity in the commerce and revolutionized ship-building of the eastern hemisphere.
These facts justify the expectation that the opening of a canal across our own Isthmus will produce like results-the revival of our own commercial marine, and of those closer relations with the western shores of America and with Eastern Asia, which belong essentially to the United States.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. E. NOURSE, Professor, U. S. N.
Commodore J. G. WALKER,Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department.
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