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History of Transportation in Canada by Glazebrook Hard Cover First Greenwood rep
History of Transportation in Canada by Glazebrook
Hard Cover
Copyright 1938
475 pages Indexed
CONTENTS
AUTHOR'S PREFACE v
INTRODUCTION TO STUDIES ON TRANSPORTATION. H. A. Innis vii
PART I CONTINENTAL STRATEGY
I. WATER TRANSPORT IN THE FRENCH REGIME 1
1. Water Transport 1
2. The Fur Trade and Expansion 11
3. Competition in the Canadian West 17
II. THE FUR TRADERS, 1763-1821 25
1. Variations on a French Theme 25
2. The Hudson vs. the St. Lawrence 27
3. The St. Lawrence vs. Hudson Bay 47
III. SAIL AND STEAM 62
1. Commerce and Water Communication62
2. Steamboats71
3. The First Canal Period 75
4. The Canadian Waterway 89
5. The Maritime Provinces 98
IV. ROADS IN THE OLD PROVINCES 101
1. In New France 101
2. Governmental Administration, 1763-1867 108
3. Construction and Maintenance 118
4. The Development of Roads 123
5. The Use of Roads 136
V. THE FIRST RAILWAY ERA 147
1. Early Experiments 147
2. The Maritime Provinces and Railways 154
3. The First Canadian Trunk Lines 160
4. Construction and Financing 172
5. The Railways in Trouble 177
PART II NATIONAL ECONOMY
VI. FROM CONTINENTAL TO NATIONAL ECONOMY 191
1. Confederation and Railways 191
2. The Intercolonial Railway 203
VII. THE PROJECT OF A PACIFIC RAILWAY 216
1. Western Transportation Before the Railway 216
2. The Opening of the West 225
3. The Railway Planned 235
4. The Struggle for the Contract 239
VIII. THE BUILDING OF THE PACIFIC RAILWAY 252
1. Railway Policy of the Liberal Government 252
2. Government Surveys and Construction 257
3. The Canadian Pacific Railway Company 263
4. Completion of the Pacific Railway 271
IX. CONSEQUENCES OF THE PACIFIC RAILWAY 283
1. Effect on the General Position 283
2. Expansion of the Canadian Pacific in the East 294
3. Competition or Monopoly in the West 801
X. THE LATER TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILWAYS 313
1. The Coming of Prosperity 313
2. The Liberal Railway Policy 319
3. The Grand Trunk Pacific 330
4. The Canadian Northern Railway 335
XI. NATIONALIZATION OF RAILWAYS 342
1. Railways as a Public Problem 342
2. Nationalization of the Canadian Northern 350
3. Nationalization of the Grand Trunk 361
4. The Canadian National Railways 371
XII. RAILWAYS IN SUNSHINE AND SHADOW 377
1. A New Era of Expansion and Competition 377
2. The Depression and the Railways 394
3. The Practice of Public Ownership 407
XIII. MODERN WATERWAYS 416
1. Enlargement of Canals 416
2. Ships and Cargoes 416
3. The St. Lawrence Deep Waterway 431
XIV. TRANSPORTATION BY ELECTRICITY AND GASOLINE 438
1. Electric Railways 438
2. Roads and Motor Vehicles 442
3. Air Transport 453
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 462
INDEX 465
MAPS
FUR TRADE ROUTES 20
CANALS OF CANADA, IN 1850 AND IN 1936 84
RAILWAYS OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1860 164
RAILWAYS OF CANADA, 1886 292
RAILWAYS OF CANADA, IN 1916 AND IN 1936 340
PREFACE
Students of Canadian history have long recognized that the problems and methods of transportation constitute an essential thread in the development of the country. The present volume represents an attempt to trace the story of transportation through the whole range of the history of Canada, describing the methods, and relating them to the more general theme of the rise of Canadian civilization. The confines of a single volume have necessarily limited the treatment of both aspects of the subject. This study is not intended to be an interpretation of Canadian history, but has grown, for the author at least, into a vantage point from which the march of Canadian history might be observed. As the examination of the subject developed, it seemed to become more and more apparent that the purely technical aspects of transportation had little meaning if divorced from the conditions in which they were used and the circumstances which led to their employment. All factors in Canadian history have a bearing on the development of transportation: physical geography, the extent and distribution of population, economics, politics, imperial and foreign relations. It is no less true that the changing modes of transportation have influenced the whole course of Canadian development. It has been necessary to set some limits to the subject covered in this book. Firstly, it is a history of inland transportation, and therefore shipping on the lower St. Lawrence and on the oceans can only he mentioned in its effect on the main theme. Secondly, the ancillary enterprises of the Canadian railway companies-hotels, steamships, lands, and industries-are not discussed.
My thanks are due to the scholars who have been good enough to help me through a complicated field with advice and criticism. Dr. J. 'I'. Shotwell, general editor of the series on the relations of the United States and Canada, has given encouragement and assistance. The editor of the section in which this volume appears, Professor H. A. Innis, has helped me through every stage and over many obstacles. Such merits as the book has are due in large part to his patience and judgment. Professor W. T. Jackman, Colonel W. I Wilgus, Professor J. L. McDougall, and Professor Samuel McKee have all read the entire manuscript, and by their suggestions have saved me from many mistakes of omission and commission. To others who have read particular chapters I can only express my thanks in general terms. I am grateful to the Governor and Committee of the Hudson's Bay Company for the privilege of working in the company's archives, and to the company's archivist, Mr. It. G. Leveson Gower, for aiding Inc to find materials. The staff of the Library of the University of Toronto and of the Public Archives of Canada have been at all times most helpful. I am glad to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. G. W. Yates and Mr. Robert Dorman of the department of railways and canals, Mr. J. A. Wilson, controller of civil aviation, and Mr. G. S. Wrong of the bureau of statistics.
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