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History of the United States Naval Operations World War II New Guinea & Marias
History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II New Guinea and the Marianas March 1944-August 1944 Vol VIII by Samuel Eliot Morison
Hard Cover w/ dust jacket
435 pages
Copyright 1953
CONTENTS
Prefacevii
Abbreviations xxi
PART I STRATEGY, SUBMARINES AND STRIKES
I The Pacific Strategy for 19443
1. Two Roads or One?3
2. Japanese Counter-strategy10
II Submarine Patrols, December 1943July 1944 15
III Fast Carrier Strikes on Palau, Hollandia and Truk, 22 March-30 April 194427
1. Strikes on Palau, Yap and Woleai 27
2. Strikes on Hollandia, Wakde-Sarmi, and Truk, 30 March-30 April34
PART II THE CONQUEST OF NEW GUINEA
IV The Southwest Pacific Organization45
1. The Supreme Commander and His Subordinates 45
2. Southwest Pacific Specialties49
a. Seventh Fleet Air Power; b. Engineer Special Brigades; c. The Assault Pattern; d. Motor Torpedo Boats
V Dutch New Guinea and the "Reckless" Plan59
1. Terrain and Planning59
2. The Enemy's Situation65
VI The Hollandia Operation, 21 April-6 June 194468
1. Aitape, 22-27 April68
2. Battle of the Driniumor River, 1 June-10 August71
3. Tanahmerah Bay, 22 April-6 June74
4. Humboldt Bay, 22 April-6 June79
5. Japanese Reaction and Retreat, 22 April-17 May88
VII Wakde-Sarmi, May 194491
VIII Biak, 27 May-1 June 1944103 1. Biak-Bosnik103 2. Z-day at Bosnik, 27 May108 3. The Drive for the Airfields114
IX The Japanese Reaction to Biak (Operation "KON"), 27 May-13 June 1944117 1. Decisions and Air Strikes117 2. First Reinforcement Attempt, 31 May-4 June 119 3. Battle off Biak, 8-9 June125 4. A-Go Cancels BON, Biak Secured, 10-22 June131
X Noemfoor and Sansapor, 2 July-3 September 1944 134 1. Noemfoor Island, 2 July-31 August134 2. Sansapor, 3o July-31 August140 3. New Guinea Epilogue144
PART III THE MARIANAS
XI Preliminary Poundings and Final Plans, February-April 1944149 1. Ladrones-Marianas149 2. First Call, 23 February154 3. Plans, Problems and Procedures157 4. Japanese Preparations to Defend Saipan167
XII Approach and Bombardment, 10 May-14 June 1944 170 1. Rendezvous and Approach, 10 May-10 June 170 2. Fast Carrier Air Strikes, 11-13 June174 3. Pre-landing Bombardments, 13-15 June 179 4. The Underwater Demolition Teams183
XIII Saipan, 15-21 June 1944 186 1. D-day Battle, 15 June186 2. Beachhead Secured, 15-17 June199 3. Shore Advances and Counterattacks, 7 7-21 June 206 4. Phelps's Adventures, 16-21 June 210
XIV Battle of the Philippine Sea, Preliminaries, 3 May-18 June 1944213 1. Operation A-Go, 3 May-13 June213 2. The Japanese Submarine Offensive, 14 May-4 July222 3. "Forward to Decisive Victory," 12-15 June231 4. Strikes on Iwo and Chichi Jima, 15-17 June237 5. Feeling Each Other Out, 15-18 June240
XV Battle of the Philippine Sea, the Action, 19-20 June 257 1. "The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot," 19 June 257 a. Guam-Rota Phase, 0530-1000; b. Ozawa's Four Massive Raids, 000-1450; c. Mop-up on Guam, 1449-1845 2. The Submarines' Contribution, 19 June278 3. Moving Westward, 2000 June 79-0500 June 20282 4. The Air Battle of 20 June288 a. The Approach; b. Twilight Air Battle, 1840.190o; c. Night Recovery, 2045-2300
XVI Battle of the Philippine Sea, Conclusion, 20-24 June 305 1. Stern Chase, 20-22 June305 2. "Operation Jocko," 24 June311 3. Victory313 4. Plane Losses319 a. Japanese; b. United States
XVII Saipan Secured, 27 June-9 July 1944322 1. The Pattern of Air and Naval Support323 2. The Struggle for Mount Tapotchau, 21-26 June330 3. The North End Cleared, 27 June-9 July334 4. Conclusion 337
XVIII Logistics for the Marianas341 1. Conceptions and Principles341 2. Food and Fuel343 3. Ammunition346 4. Shipping and Stretchers347
XIX The Fight for Tinian, 24 July1 August 1944351 1. Plans and Preparations, 12-23 July351 2. J-day, 24 July360 3. Tinian Taken, 25 July-2 August364
XX Guam Recovered, JuneAugust 1944371 1. A Deferred Operation371 2. First Phase of the Assault, 21-28 July382 a. Northern Sector the Asan Beaches; b. Southern Sector Agat Beaches and Orote 3. Island Secured, 29 July-10 August398
Appendix I Hollandia Task Organization403
Appendix II Naval Forces Engaged in the Capture of Saipan and Tinian407
Appendix I Hollandia Task Organization403
Appendix II Naval Forces Engaged in the Capture of Saipan and Tinian407
Appendix III Forces Engaged in the Battle of the Philippine Sea 1. United States, 19-20 June 1944 412
2. Japanese Forces in Operation A-Go, 1-20 June 416
Appendix IV Naval Forces Engaged in the Capture of Guam, 21 July10 August 1944 418
Index 423
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (All photographs not otherwise described are Official United States Navy)
Admiral Spruance and StaffFrontispiece
Rear Admiral William M. Fechteler USN48
Rear Admirals Crutchley and Berkey49
Hollandia and Sansapor:88-89 A Lake Sentani field after air strikes, 21 April Coast between Humboldt and Tanahmerah Bays, 22 April Assault troops landing from LCIs at Sansapor, 30 July LSTs unloading at Beach Red 2, Tanahmerah Bay, 21 April
Saipan and Tinian from the Air, 29 May 1944:176 Magicienne Bay and Aslito Field Charan Kanoa
Commander Robert H. Isely USN177
Saipan:192-193 The initial landings, 15 June The Charan Kanoa beachhead, 25 June Marines fighting on Saipan
Admiral Soemu Toyoda216
Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa217
Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitscher USN:232 On bridge of Lexington Lieutenant Commander Ralph Weymouth reports
Part of the Mobile Fleet during the Battle of 20 June:233 Cardiv 1 maneuvering under air attack
Rear Admiral Richard L. Conolly USN376
Major General Roy S. Geiger usmc377
Orote Peninsula and Asan Beachhead:400 Orote Peninsula and Apra Harbor, Guam The Asan beachhead after the landings
After the Battle, U.S.S. Lexington: Burial at sea 401
LIST OF CHARTS
Movements of Fast Carrier Task Force, 22 March-4 May 194435
Hollandia Operation, General Area, April 194462
Aitape72
Tanahmerah Bay, 22 April76
Humboldt Bay, 22 April8o
Wakde-Sarmi, 17-18 May93
Wakde Island, Landing Plan, 18 May100
Geelvink Bay and the Vogelkop105
Biak Island, Bosnik and Airfields, 27 May109
Movements of Japanese Forces "KON" Operation, 30 May11 June121
Night Action, Stern Chase, 8-9 June128
Noemfoor Island, 2 July137
Sansapor and Vicinity, 30 July142
Theater of Operations "Forager" and "A-Go"153
The Greater Marianas, 1944163
Saipan, Positions for the Landings, 15 June 1944188-189
Saipan, Schematic Diagram of Northern Half of Assault Waves 191
Saipan, Landings and Progress, 15-21 June204
Japanese Submarine Operations and the Exploits of England, 15 May-16 June226
Battle of the Philippine Sea, I242-243 Movements of Japanese Fleet; Japanese and American Air Searches, 13-17 June, 1944
Battle of the Philippine Sea, II248-249
Fleet Movements and Searches, 0000 June 28-0300 June 19
Standard Disposition of Task Force 58, Morning of 29 June 259
Battle of the Philippine Sea, III262-263 Fleet Movements and Searches, 19 June
Japanese Attack Disposition, 29 June264
Battle of the Philippine Sea, IV270-271
"The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot," 0300-1500 June 29
Battle of the Philippine Sea, V275
Track of U.S.S. Lexington, 29 June
Battle of the Philippine Sea, VI288-289
Fleet Movements and Air Attack on Japanese Fleet, 20 June
Disposition of the Japanese Fleet at Time of Air Attack, 1840 June 20293
Battle of the Philippine Sea, VII 306 The Pursuit, 0500-2400 June 22
Saipan Secured, 22 June-9 July 1944323
Tinian, July 1944352
Guam, JulyAugust 1944372
Guam, Landings and Beachhead 22-28 July384-385
The Pacific Ocean Areas of U.S. Naval Operations, 1944-45420
DUST JACKET INTRODUCTION
In Admiral Morison's history this is the sixth volume to deal with naval actions in the Pacific. It covers five of the most eventful months of the Pacific war, from March to August of 1944, and describes the submarine patrols of this period, the fast carrier strikes of March and April, and the bold leaps of the Southwest Pacific Forces under General MacArthur's command, to Hol-landia, Wakde, Biak and Vogelkop.
Here also is the story of Pacific Fleet operations from the end of the Marshall Islands campaign to the recovery of Guam. The battle of the Philippine Sea in June, a naval action equal to Midway in tactical interest, and decisive in the outcome of the war, receives particular emphasis as the greatest carrier action of all time the Jutland of World War II.
The first two assaults of Operations "Galvanic" and "Flintlock" of Volume VII were "sudden death" affairs, but the bitterly contested Marianas operation lasted two months. Events forced changes in the original plans, and our naval and ground forces displayed the greatest flexibility and fortitude.
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