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Final Days, The by Bob Woodward & Carl Bernstein w dust jacket
The Final Days A FULL SELECTION OF THE BOOK of the month club
By Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Hardbound with dustjacket (has damage)
476 pages
Copyright 1976 Indexed
Full selection of the Book of the month club
The Final Days is a portrait of what went on behind the scenes during the gravest crisis in the history of the American presidency. In an enthralling narrative that flashes from one private discussion to the next, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein chronicle the previously unknown events leading to the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. This is a story you have not read in the newspapers.
The Final Days is a drama about Washington, D.C.-from the President, his wife, daughters and sons-in-law, to his senior staff, his speech writers and his servants, to the Cabinet, the Vice-President, the leaders of Congress, the Special Prosecutor's office, the House Judiciary Committee, the grand jurors, the judges and the Justices of the Supreme Court.
The authors accomplish what no other reporters have: they take us inside the rooms where Nixon's tapes were made and edited; where the President, his lawyers and staff committed themselves to increasingly desperate tactics to save the Nixon presidency; where the jealousies and rivalries of the President's men were revealed; where Nixon and his family debated the choices before them. Here is the moment-by-moment account of Richard Nixon's last days in public office-brought vividly alive with the same novelistic detail and dialogue that made All the President's Men a number one national best seller.
With the kind of investigative journalism that won their newspaper the Pulitzer Prize for its Watergate coverage (for The Final Days, Woodward and Bernstein interviewed nearly 400 persons ) , the authors portray the participants in this extraordinary drama as only those backstage were able to observe them. The portrait that emerges of Nixon, the Nixon family, Kissinger, Haig, Ziegler, the lawyers-and of a presidency in disarray-will be discussed for years to come. The Final Days is unlike anything you have ever read-about Washington, about the presidency, about politics.
FOREWORD
As reporters for the Washington Post, we began covering the Watergate story a few hours after five men were arrested at the Democratic National headquarters on June 17, 1972. Our work for the Post on that story lasted more than two years-until Richard M. Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974.
After the resignation, some of our most reliable sources said that the real story of those final days of the Nixon presidency had not been adequately told; to report that story and sort through the contradictions would require a concentrated effort of perhaps a year or more. Our editors at the Post agreed. We took a leave of absence from the paper and set up an office on the sixth floor of the Post building. Scott Armstrong, a former Senate Watergate Committee investigator, and Al Kamen, a free-lance writer-researcher, were hired to assist us.
We divided the project into twenty-two areas of inquiry:
President Nixon
the Nixon family
key White House aides
the White House lawyers
other senior members of the White House staff
the presidential speech-writing staff
the White House press office
former Nixon aides
the President's personal staff
the medical staff
the congressional liaison staff
the anti-impeachment lobby
the office of Secretary of State Kissinger
the other Cabinet members
the office of Vice-President Ford
the unofficial transition team
the House and Senate leadership
the House Judiciary Committee
the Office of the Watergate Special Prosecutor
the Senate Watergate Committee
others who visited or talked with the President
the public record-newspaper stories, books, public
statements, testimony and documents
From these areas of inquiry, we drew up a preliminary list of several hundred persons to be interviewed. We spent six months at the task. The Final Days is based on interviews with 394 people. Some persons spent dozens of hours with us and volunteered information freely; one person was interviewed seventeen times. Many supplied us with contemporaneous notes, memoranda, correspondence, logs, calendars and diaries. Others granted interviews simply to give their version of events or to respond to information we had obtained elsewhere. A few, including President Nixon, declined to be interviewed.
All interviews were conducted "on background"; that is, they were on the record-we could use the information-but only upon our assurance that the identity of the source would remain confidential. With this guarantee, those we talked to were willing to give us information we would never otherwise have been able to obtain.
In general, we tried to interview the principals described in The Final Days only after extensive details had already been gathered from members of their staffs. We made clear to each person that we would attempt to check every detail.
The notes from each interview were typed and each significant detail was indexed under the appropriate area of inquiry. The subject areas were further divided chronologically into each of the final 100 days of the Nixon Ad-ministration-the period we initially planned to describe in the narrative. In the course of interviewing we realized that to explain the last 100 days we would have to deal extensively with earlier periods, particularly the six months after April 30, 1973, when President Nixon's chief aides resigned.
We have attempted to check every detail in the course of reconstructing events. In reporting meetings, for example, we were able in almost all instances to talk to one or more of the participants. If we obtained two versions, we resolved disagreements through re-interviewing. If this proved impossible, we left out any material we could not confirm. In a few instances, there were meetings between two participants where we were unable to obtain a direct account from either; in those cases, we interviewed people the participants talked to immediately afterward. Nothing in this book has been reconstructed without accounts from at least two people. We were fortunate: in those last days in the White House, the principals compared notes among themselves and with their assistants.
We did not accord equal weight to all sources. In the course of over three years of reporting on the Nixon Administration, we had learned to place extraordinary trust in the accuracy and candor of some sources. We had also talked regularly over the same period of time with a small number of people who consistently sought to give versions of events that were slanted, self-serving, or otherwise untrustworthy; we used information from them only when we were convinced by more reliable sources of its accuracy.
Bob Woodward Carl Bernstein
December, 1975
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