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Fares Please A Popular History Of Trolleys Horsecars Streetcars Buses Elevateds
Fares Please A Popular History Of Trolleys Horsecars Streetcars Buses Elevateds And Subways By John Miller
Copyright 1941, 1960. Dover edition 1960 Soft Cover 204 pages. Indexed.
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO DOVER EDITIONvii
PREFACEix
ILLUSTRATIONS xiii
PLATES xv
CHAPTER
1. Transportation for All-The Story of the Horse-Drawn Omnibus.1
2. Omnibus on Rails-The Story of the Horse-Car .16
3. Horses Get a Rest-The Story of the Cable-Car .35
4. Cars Run by Lightning-The Story of the Early Electric Car54
5. Railway on Stilts-The Story of the Elevated Railway 7o
6. Millions Move Underground-The Story of Subways82
7. Heyday of the Trolley-The Story of Mergers and Expansion 99
8. Fire and Storm-The Story of How Emergencies Are Met 1 r 8
9. Unusual Types of Transit-The Story of Novel Means of Rendering Service 131
10. Rolling on Rubber-The Story of the Motor-Bus . 147
11. Trolleys Without Tracks-The Story of the Trolley-Bus 165
12. Transit in the Modern Age-The Story of Urban Transportation To-day and To-morrow . 181
BIBLIOGRAPHY 195
INDEX 197
ILLUSTRATIONS
Abraham Brower's "Accommodation," 1827 .2
The "Sociable," 1829 3
New York's first omnibus, 1831 6
The "John Mason," 1832 17
Perforated veneer seat 24
Bob-tailed street car 26
Street-car styles of the 188o's 33
Cable grip-car and trailer in San Francisco, 1873 37
Andrew Hallidie's arrangement of conduit, cable, and grip 38
Relation of cable, carrying sheaves, and grip . . 39
Typical grip used in cable-car operation . . . 40
Invitation to opening of cable-car operation in Chicago 42
Splicing the cable after a break 48
Platform-mounted motor with chain drive to axle . 57
Early underground conduit system in Budapest . 61
Typical elevated-railway station in New York . . 75
Early electric train on City and South London line 96
Steam-propelled car invented by Louis Ransom . 100
Transfer of the nineties . . . .. .. 105
Large open car about 1910 112
Car with reversible body 114
Horse-drawn emergency wagon 119
Early electric-railway tower wagon 121
Electric surface-contact system 135
Mt. Adams Incline Railway and Highland House . 141
Jitneys in Los Angeles in 1914 148
Trolley-bus at Merrill, Wisconsin, in 1913 . . . 166
Laurel Canyon's converted auto-bus, 1910 . . . 168
Trolley-bus design patented in 1889 170
PLATES
THE HORSE-DRAWN OMNIBUS
First local transportation in Paris
George Shillibeer's three-horse omnibus
Early New York omnibus
Pedestrian bridge at Broadway and Fulton Street
The heyday of the horse-drawn omnibus
Early type of double decker in London
London omnibus changing horses
Between pages 12 and 13
THE HORSE-CAR
Traffic congestion in Chicago, 1865
Double-deck omnibus converted into a horse-car
Car house at Belleville, New Jersey
Mules furnish the power in Richmond, Virginia
Mule-cars in Atlanta, Georgia
Canal Street, New Orleans, in the 188o's
Elaborate decorations brighten the horse-car's exterior
Plush-upholstered seats and a straw-covered floor
Main Street, Rochester, New York, in 1878
Getting ready for the morning rush hour at Philadelphia
Machine-driven horse clippers
Advertising in Rutland, Vermont, horse-cars
Two methods of snow removal
The Great Epizootic of 1878
"The Improved Street-Railway Carriage"
Between pages 28 and 29
THE CABLE-CAR
Andrew Hallidie waiting for the grip-car in San Francisco
The Market Street Railway in San Francisco
"Riding on the grip"
Grip-car and trailer at Chicago
A "swinging load" on a Washington, D. C., cable-car
Open grip-car and closed trailer at Seattle
New York type of grip-car
Cable-railway power station
Between pages 44 and 45
THE EARLY ELECTRIC RAILWAY
Dr. 'Werner Siemen's electric railway, 1878
An electric locomotive pulls a horse-car in Baltimore
Charles Van Depoele's electric railway, in 1885
First city-wide electric transportation in Montgomery, Alabama
Two-wire overhead in Meriden, Connecticut
Franklin Street Hill, Richmond, Virginia
Frank Sprague's demonstration
Start of electric railway service in Asheville, North Carolina
First electric cars in Atlanta, Georgia, 1890
Chicago Day crowds at the World's Fair of 1893
Open platforms assure plenty of fresh-air for the crews
Platform windows afford some protection
Double-deck, open trail-car at Altoona, Pennsylvania
"Take the trolley to the park"
Between pages 60 and 61
THE ELEVATED RAILWAY
Swett's proposed elevated railway for Broadway, New York, 1853
Charles T. Harvey's elevated railway in New York, 1858
Boxlike bodies on early "El" locomotives prevent the scaring of horses
Steam dummy on New York's Sixth Avenue "El"
Leo Daft's proposed electric locomotive for the "El" in the 1880's
Bicycle car on the Ninth Avenue "El" in 1897
The high curve at 110th Street
Elevated-railway lines in Chicago's loop district
Between pages 76 and 77
THE SUBWAY
Building America's first subway in Boston, 1897
New York's first subway, 1900
The subway at Tokio
A station of the Chemin de fer metropolitaine de Paris
Circular shape characterizes London's underground lines
The 209th Street storage yards in New York
Comfortable interior of a modern London subway car
Between pages 92 and 93
THE HEYDAY OF THE TROLLEY
Open-car days in British Columbia
A trolley picnic of the Gay Nineties
Passengers board and alight at the rear end
Double-deck open car in Pittsburgh with seats for 182 passengers
The light-weight, one-man Bierney car
The Broadway Battleship
Three-car train operated in Boston in the 1920'S
Street-cars running fender to fender in Los Angeles
Four parallel rows of tracks on Market Street, San Francisco
Tramway traffic on London's Westminster Bridge
Double-deck tramcars in Edinburgh
Tramcars in Mexico City follow American design
Street-cars in Puerto Rico have no windows
Hongkong's double-deck tramcars reflect British influence
The Anglo-American Tramways in Buenos Aires
Between pages 108 and 109
THROUGH STORM AND FIRE
Tower wagon at Elizabeth, New Jersey, 1902
Emergency crew put a derailed car back on the track
Hose-jumpers keep the line open during a fire
Tower wagons carry the fire-hose over the tracks
Street-car service in Baltimore amid the ruins of the fire of 1904
Street-car on an emergency trestle during a Cincinnati flood
One of Baltimore's thirty-seven snow-sweepers
A Detroit mobile patrol unit with two-way radio communication
Between pages 124 and 125
UNUSUAL TYPES
Walking-beam car at New Orleans
Connelly gas-motor system does not prove successful
Philadelphia's famous funeral car, The Hillside
Interior of The Hillside
Combination mail and passenger car in Boston
Electric-railway tank-car for street sprinkling
Sightseeing car on the famous Mt. Adams incline
Earliest transportation in the Senate Subway, Washington, D. C.
Between pages 140 and 141
THE MOTOR-BUS
Frank Fageol's steam-bus at Des Moines, 1899
One of the earliest types of gasoline motor-bus
A converted horse-drawn omnibus in London
A model popular in London in 1910
An early type of motor-bus in the United States
Double-deck bus imported from England
A great variety of vehicles in the streets of Camden in the 1920's
Bus service in Newburgh, New York
Bumper to bumper on Broad Street, Newark
Small buses on short headways at Detroit in the 1930's
Six-wheel motor-bus operated in Paris in 1924
Large capacity motor-bus with articulated body, 1938
Double-deck motor-bus on New York's Fifth Avenue
The motor-bus replaced the street-car on Madison Avenue, New York City, 1935
Between pages 156 and 157
THE TROLLEY-BUS
Crude trolley-bus on Staten Island in the 1920's
Early trolley-bus in Albany, New York
Original type of Oregon Avenue trolley-bus in Philadelphia
Salt Lake City trolley-bus installation in 1928
Motor-buses and trolley-buses on Broad Street, Newark
On the road to Waikiki
Hose-jumpers used to maintain trolley-bus service at Cincinnati
Between pages 172 and 173
THE STREAMLINER
Stream-lined articulated unit in New York
Double overhead-wire trolley system in Cincinnati
One lane of street cars carries six times more passengers than two lanes of automobiles
$6,600,000 worth of transit plant and equipment at Chicago
Motor-bus with sloping windshield and standee windows
A modern stream-lined car in Buenos Aires
Trolley-bus in Lausanne, Switzerland
New buildings along the route of Toronto's Yonge Street Subway in 1954
Municipally owned parking lot built over subway tracks at St. Clair station on the Yonge Street Subway in Toronto
Modern rapid transit in the reserved strip, in the center of a superhighway in Chicago
Park and Ride Field for 353 cars at 69th and Market Streets in Philadelphia
Between pages 188 and 189
PREFACE
One hundred and ten years ago a young New Yorker got a new job; he was hired by Abraham Brower to ride on the rear step of the latter's Broadway Omnibus and with a polite "Fares, please!" collect the twelve and a half cents that was charged for a ride for any distance between Bond Street and the Battery. A few months later the same cry echoed on the Bowery where John Mason had started the New York & Harlem Railroad, the world's first street-railway line.
As the years passed the scene changed. Hoop-skirts were followed by bustles and then by leg-of-mutton sleeves. Men's luxurious beards disappeared and the handle-bar mustache came into vogue. Later, they too disappeared. Horse-cars were replaced by cable-cars and these in turn by electric cars, motor-buses and trolley-buses, but still the cry of "Fares, please!" rings up and down the aisles of transit vehicles throughout the land.
Americans-the world's greatest users of private automobiles-are also the world's greatest users of transit service. Every man, woman, and child of the urban population of the United States uses transit service 265 times a year on the average. Altogether they take more than 13 billion rides annually. No other product or service is bought with such frequency.
Since it started its career with horse-drawn omnibuses the transit industry has made use of a wide variety of vehicles. Older types have been replaced by newer types, until today the industry finds itself operating a combination of streamlined electric street-cars, motor-buses, trolley-buses, subways, and elevated railways.
The story of this remarkable development is full of romance and interest. It is colored by the presence of many vivid personalities. It is punctuated by bitter struggles and successful achievements under great difficulty. Never has this story been told in its entirety-only scattered glimpses have been given here and there. The purpose of this book is to present the complete picture of city transit from the time of the first horse-drawn omnibus down to the present day.
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