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Andrews Report on Colonial & Lake Trade 1852 British NA Colonies Great Lakes Riv
Andrews Report on Colonial & Lake Trade 1852
Hard Cover (front cover is loose) Ex-Library Books
Printed 1853
906 pages
Communication from the Secretary of the Treasury in compliance with a resolution of the Senate on March 8 1853 The Report of Israel D Andrews consul of the United States for Canada and New Brunswick on the trade and commerce of the British North American Colonies and upon the Trade of the Great Lakes and Rives also notices of the internal improvements in each state, of the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida, and a paper on the cotton crop of the United States.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTORY.
Introduction to report, setting forth resolution of Senate and instructions 1
Imperfect system of managing the lake trade; incorrect returns, and necessity for a correct account 2
Statistical returns in the United States behind those of other countries 2
The annual returns of commerce and navigation incomplete and unsatisfactory 2
In the absence of official returns, the value of works containing statistical statements greatly enhanced 3
The basin of the great lakes and the St. Lawrence 3
Influence of emigration upon the West 3
Growth of the lake trade, illustrated by statistical statements 4
Trade of the Erie canal, illustrated by statements of its traffic 4
The great lakes, and their natural outlet to the sea 5
Harbors ou the lakes; more extensive accommodations needed 5
The necessity of establishing marine hospitals at principal ports on the lakes 6
Proposed canal at Sault Ste. Marie 7
Elements of wealth on Lake Superior 7
Proposal for uniting the waters of the St. Lawrence and the Hudson by a ship canal...7
Trade ana commerce of the British North American colonies 12
Area and population of the colonies in 1851 13
Exports of the colonies, and tonnage outward in 1806, and at various periods since 14
Ship-building; its increase, and present extent 15
Tonnage owned in the colonies in 1806, 1830, 1836, 1846, and 1850 15
Tonnage outward and inward in 1851 16
Several statistical statements relating to the trade and commerce of Canada, the colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland 16
The total trade of the colonies of North America in 1851 16
Negotiations, respecting colonial trade, between the United States and Great Britain-convention of 1830 22
Quantity of wheat, corn, and rye raised in the United States and Canada, with several tables showing imports and exports of wheat, &c., in the United States, Great Britain, and the colonies 22
Proposition in 1848 from Canada for reciprocal free trade in certain articles .21
The free navigation of the St. Lawrence and St. John 35
Remission of export duty on American lumber in New Brunswick 35
Free participation with sea-fisheries 35
Present state of the fishery question, and its threatening aspect 35
Conclusion; value of colonial trade, and its importance to the United States 37
PART I.
The Seafisheries of North America.
Limits to which American citizens are confined by fishery convention of 1818 39
Coasts and places to which American fishing vessels principally resort 40
Codfish caught in the Gulf of St. Lawrence 40
Mackerel caught in the gulf 40
The herring fishery of the gulf 41
Navigation of the St. Lawrence in connexion with a free participation in the fisheries 42
French fisheries at Newfoundland, and new measures of the French government 42
PART II.
The Trade of the Lakes.
Page. Introduction-embracing a general view of the rise and progress of the commerce of the great lakes of North America 45
Subjects discussed 45
Relations between inland and maritime commerce ---- 46
Extent of great lakes 49
Value of traffic 49
Number and tonnage of vessels 51
Dangers of lake navigation 53
Losses 54
Effect of canals on lake trade 55
Railroads and canals connected with lakes 57
Growth of cities connected with lake trade 59
No. 1. Vermont district-Described, with summary statements of coasting and Canadian trade, and the amount of tonnage _60
No. 2. Champlain.-General description, with statements showing the nature, quantity, and value of the Canadian and coasting trade and tonnage of this district 63
No. 3. Oswegatchie.-General description, and tables showing the nature quantity, and value of the articles composing the Canadian and coastwise trade of this district .. 66
No. 4. Cape Vincent.-A general description, with tables exhibiting the Canadian trade and tonnage of the district in detail 70
No. 5. Sackett's Harbor.-A general description, with returns showing in detail the coast-wise and Canadian imports and exports, and the Canadian and coasting tonnage of the district 71
No. 6. Oswego.-General description, with several statements exhibiting in detail the Canadian and coasting trade and tonnage of the district 75
No. 7. Genesee.-General description, with tables illustrative of the Canadian trade and tonnage of the district 82
No. 8. Niagara.-General description, with tables exhibiting in detail the Canadian and coasting trade and tonnage... _ 84
No. 9. Buffalo Creek.-Description, with eleven statements showing the coasting and foreign commerce of this district in detail and with abstracts___. 87
No. 10. Presque Isle.-Description, with tables showing the commerce of this district in detail 161
No. 11. Cuyahoga.-General description, with statements showing the imports, exports, and tonnage of the district in detail . _ _ _ 165
No. 12. Sandusky.-Description, with tables giving details of Canadian and coasting trade, imports and exports 175
No. 13. Miami.-General remarks, with five tables showing import and export trade, and tonnage 184
No. 14. Detroit-General description, with tables illustrative of the nature and value of the commerce of this district 191
No. 15. Mackinaw.-Description, with a table showing the quantity and value of foreign imports 202
No. 16. Milwaukie-Description, with a table showing the imports and exports of this district 210
No. 17. Chicago-Description, with statements showing the commerce of the port and district 215
No. 18. Summary.-A description of each of the great lakes in extent, resources, tributaries, outlets, present and prospective commerce, with a map 223
Report on the geology, mineralogy, and topography of the lauds around Lake Superior. - 232
General view, with eight tabular statements of the lakes:
No. 1. Statement exhibiting the trade and tonnage, (Canadian and American,) the tonnage enrolled, and the amount of duties collected, in each of the collection districts on the lakes, and the aggregates of the lake commerce, for year 1851 246
No. 2. Statement showing the quantity and value of the principal articles imported into each collection district on the lake frontier from Canada in 1851 249
No. 3. Statement exhibiting the quantity and value of some of the principal articles of domestic produce and manufacture exported from the collection districts on the lake frontier to Canada during the year 1851 255
No. 4. Statement showing the value of some of the principal articles of foreign merchandise exported from the collection districts on the lake frontier to Canada in 1851 260
PART V.
The Province of Canada.
General position; commercial, military, and geographical position 407
Commerce of Canada; extract from Mr. Reefer's prize essay on the canals of Canada 409
Flour and wheat exported from Canada in 1850 and 1851 413
Inter-colonial trade, with statements and returns 414
The commercial ports of Canada; the Gulf of St. Lawrence 415
Sea trade of Canada; the port of Quebec; and the gross trade of Quebec and Montreal 418
Ship-building; ships (and tonnage) built in 1849, 1850, and 1851 421
Trade and tonnage in 1850 and 1851. 421
Summary statement of sea and inland trade 420
Sea and inland imports compared---- 422
Value of imports from other colonies and foreign countries 422
Foreign vessels at Quebec in 1850 and 1851 423
The port of Montreal 424
Its sea tonnage in 1850 and 1851 425
Progressive value of imports and exports from 1849 to 1851, both inclusive 426
Trade between Montreal and lower colonies 427
Trade between Montreal and St. John and the United States. 427
Inland ports; inland trade between Canada and the United States; steam and sailing tonnage employed; and value of imports and exports 428
Trade of principal inland ports with the United States 430
Principal articles of import and export, with total value 431
Imports by way of Hudson's Bay and Lake Superior 430
Statement showing quantities and value of Canadian produce received in bond at New York and Boston in 1851 432
Statement of the value of goods imported at Boston and New York, and thence forwarded to Canada under bond 433
Quantity and value of Canadian flour and wheat received at New York in 1849, 1850, and 1851, and thence exported. 433
Export of flour and wheat from the United States to the British North American colonies for the years 1846 to 1851, inclusive 434
Comparative statement of Canadian and American flour exported to the lower colonies from 1846 to 1851, inclusive 435
Comparative statement of the import and export trade of Canada for 1849, 1850, and 1851 436
Public works of Canada 437
Up and down trade of Welland canal, 1850 and 1851 438
Up and down trade of St. Lawrence canals in 1850 and 1851 439
Number of vessels, tonnage, tolls, and movement of property and passengers on Canadian canals, for 1851 440
General remarks on the Erie and Welland canals; rates of toll on heavy freight 441
Quantity of iron and wheat transported by Erie and Welland canals 441
Effect of the repeal of the navigation laws on traffic by the St. Lawrence 443
The Magdalen islands 443
TABLES.
Table 1. Statement exhibiting the number of American and foreign vessels, and also their tonnage, employed in the trade between the United States and Canada, which entered in and cleared from the lake ports, annually, from 1833 to 1851, inclusive.... 445
Table 2. Comparative statement of the total movement of property on the Welland, St. Lawrence, Chambley, and Burlington Bay canals, and St. Anne's lock, for the year 1851 and preceding year 446
Table 3. Imports at each port of Canada in 1851, distinguishing countries from whence, and route by which, imported. 448
Table 4. Exports from Canada in 1851, and countries to which exported 451
Table 5. Comparative statement of imports inland via United States, with imports by sea via St. Lawrence, in 1851 453
Table 6. Direct imports from sea at inland ports, by St. Lawrence, in 1851 455
Table 7. Comparative statement of imports, 1850 and 1851 456
Table 8. Comparative statement of exports "inland" and "by sea" in 1851 457
Table 9. Comparative statement of total duties at each port in Canada in 1850 and 1851.. 460
Table 10. Comparative statement of the quantity and value of the principal articles of Canadian produce and manufacture exported in 1850 and 1851, indicating countries to which exported 461
Tables 11, 12, 13 and 14. Showing the trade of Canada with the United States.....464 to 477
Tables 15 and 16. Showing the imports into the district of Gaspin 1851 480
Tables 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21. Showing the tonnage and trade of the port of Quebec in 1851 -. - 486
Tables 22 and 23. Staple articles, the produce of Canada, exported from Quebec and Montreal in 1850 and 1851 _490, 491
Tables 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29. Showing the exports from the port of Bruce to the United States; imports at Sault Ste. Marie, Hamilton, Toronto, Kingston, and St. John, in the year 1851494 to 500
Tables 30 to 38, inclusive. Showing the transit trade of Canada with the United States by the ports of Boston and New York 501 to 504
Table 39. Comparative statement of the gross and net revenue received from customs duties in the years 1848, 1849, 1850 and 1851 505
Table 40. Statement showing the relative amount of business done in American and Canadian vessels at the ports of Oswego, Rochester, and Buffalo, in 1850 505
Table 41. Statistical view of the commerce of Canada, exhibiting the value of imports and exports from Great Britain, the colonies and foreign countries, together with the tonnage of vessels inward and outward, in 1850 506
PART VI.
The Province of New Brunswick.
Geographical position; agricultural capabilities 507
Extent and character of river St. John 508
Harbor of St. John; never frozen 508
The Petikodie; new mineral found there -... 508
Harbors on the gulf coast of this province: Shediac; Cocagne; Buctouche; Richibucto; Miramichi 509
Shippagan; Little Shippagan; Bathurst 510
The bay of Chaleur; Restigouche 510
Imports and exports of New Brunswick in 1849 and 1850 511
Number and tonnage of new ships built, and number and tonnage of ships owned, in New Brunswick, in 1849 and 1850 512
Trade of St. John; tonnage inward and imports, 1850 513
Same; tonnage outward and exports, 1850 513
The like tables for the year 1851 514
Quantity and value of American timber and lumber floated down the St. John, and exported to the United States, in 1850 and 1851 515
Quantity and value of principal articles of colonial produce and manufacture exported from St. John to the United States in 1851 . - - - 516
Quantity and value of the various articles of American growth, produce or manufacture, imported into St. John in 1850 517
Detailed statement of principal articles imported at St. John from the United States in 1851 519
More coals and timber imported at St. John from the United States than exported to that country 521
Number and tonnage of American vessels entered at St. John in 1851 _ -. - 521
New ships built at St. John in 1851 . - .. 522
Value of hacmatac ships; resolution of underwriters at Lloyd's 522
Number of vessels owned at St. John. 522
Trade of St. Andrews and outbays in 1850 523
Shipping built and owned at Miramichi; tonnage inward and outward in 1851 524
Exports from Miramichi to the United States in 1851 525
Trade and tonnage of Dalhousie 525
Trade and tonnage of Bathurst 525
Trade and tonnage of Richibucto 525
Trade of New Brunswick for 1851 527
Fisheries of New Brunswick in the bay of Fundy.-.. 528
Grand Manan; Campo Bello; West Isles 528
Harbor of St. John; Cumberland bay 528
Total value of these fisheries in 1850 529.
The free navigation of the St. John 529
Length of the river; different jurisdictions 529
Export duty upon timber cut on American territory and floated down this river_ 530
Construction of the treaty of Washington 530
Quantity and value of American timber and lumber floated down the St. John in 1851 531
Mills on the St. John; agricultural products 531
Free navigation of this river necessary to citizens of the United States 532
Sketch of the early history and of the present geology, mineralogy, and topography of the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, by Dr. Charles T. Jackson...533 to 551
PART VIL
The Province of Nova Scotia
Extent and physical character --- _ 553
Tonnage inward and outward in 1849 and 1850 554
Imports and exports of 1849 and 1850 compared - 555
Return of all articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, imported into Nova Scotia in 1850 555
Tonnage inward and outward, and value of imports and exports, in 1851.. 556
Imports and exports of 1849, 1850, and 1851, compared 557
Quantity and value of principal articles of colonial produce exported to the United States in 1851 557
Number and tonnage of American vessels entered at ports of Nova Scotia in 1851 557
Number and tonnage of vessels owned in Nova Scotia in 1851 557
Vessels, boats and men engaged in the fisheries in 1851 558
Census returns 558
Port of Halifax; its character and advantages 559
Imports and exports; ships inward and outward in 1850 560
Quantity and value of merchandise imported at Halifax from the United States in 1850.. 561
Quantities of fish and fish-oil exported from Halifax in 1850 562
Tonnage inward and value of imports in 1850 563
The coal trade; number of mines 563
Pictou coalfield 564
Sydney coalfield 564
Cumberland coal mines 564
Quantities of coal exported in 1849 and 1850 565
Cape Breton described 565
The Bras d'Or 566
Great value of Cape Breton from its position and resources 567
Exports of fish in 1847, 1848, and 1850 567
Coals raised and sold in 1849 568
Vessels inward and outward in 1850 568
Imports and exports in 1850 569
Sable Island described570
Its exact geographical position stated 570
Valuable fisheries in its vicinity not prosecuted 571
PART VIII.
The Island Colony of Newfoundland.
Description of its physical geography 573
The coast of Labrador described 575
The deep-sea codfishery of Newfoundland 577
The shore fishery for cod 578
The herring fishery 579
Salmon, mackerel, and whale fishery 579
The seal fishery 580
Fish and, oil trade of Newfoundland 581
Number and tonnage of vessels, and number of men engaged in the seal fishery, in the last ten years 582
Exports of Newfoundland in 1849 and 1850 582
Value of imports and exports in 1849, 1850, and 1851 583
Vessels inward and outward in 1850 583
Vessels inward and outward in 1851 584
Comparative statement of shipping inward and outward in 1849, 1850, and 1851 584
Vessels built in Newfoundland in 1847, 1848, 1849, and 1850 581
Population; boats engaged in fishery 585
Value of the annual produce of Newfoundland on an average of four years 585
Value of property engaged in the fisheries for same period 585
Trade between Newfoundland and the United States; quantity and value of staple products exported from Newfoundland to the United States in 1849, 1850, and 1851 586
Quantity and value of all articles imported into Newfoundland from the United States during the year 1851, with the rate and amount of duty paid thereon 586
Vessels inward, and value of imports, in 1851 589
Vessels outward, and value of exports, in 1851590
Value of the Labradore trade and fisheries 591
The port of St. John 591
Proposed electric telegraph from this port 592
The harbor described 592
Light-houses on the east coast of Newfoundland 595
Ships inward at St. John in 1850 and 1851 596
Ships outward at St. John in 1850 and 1851 596
Comparative statement of imports in 1850 and 1851 597
Comparative statement of exports in 1850 and 1851 598
Imports into St. John from Canada in 1850 and 1851 599
Imports from British West Indies, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Denmark, and Spanish West Indies, in 1851 600
American vessels arrived at St. John in 1851, and places to which they sailed 602
Number of vessels entered and cleared at St. John in every month of the years 1848, 1849, and 1850 603
PART IX.
The Colony of Prince Edward Island.
Extent, position, and description of this island. 605
Stock and crops of the island; new vessels built 607
Vessels owned and registered in 1850 and 1851 607
Imports and exports in 1850 and 1851 607
New vessels sold at Newfoundland in 1851. 607
Vessels entered and cleared in 1850 608
Vessels entered and cleared in 1851 608
Value of exports in 1851. 609
Quantity and value of articles imported from the United States in 1851, with the rate and amount of duty paid thereon 610
Quantity of articles exported to the United States in 1851 610
Abstract of trade of colony for 1851 611
PART X.
The intercourse between Great Britain and her North American colonies.
Value of goods exported from Great Britain to British North American colonies in 1800,1805, 1810, and 1815 613
Official value of import and export trade in 1818, 1819, and 1820 614
Tonnage inward and outward in 1800, 1805, and 1815. 614
Tonnage outward and inward, to and from the British North American colonies, in
1845 and 1850 615
The timber trade in 1800, 1819, 1840, 1845, and 1850 615
Foreign timber and deals in 1849, 1850, and 1851 617
The colonial trade a nursery for seamen 617
PART XI.
The trade of some of the Atlantic ports of the United States with the North American colonies by sea.
The extent of the seacoast of these colonies 611
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, an extension of New England 620
Tonnage inward in the colonies from the United States at various periods since 1787, showing the vast increase 621
Trade of twenty-three Atlantic ports with New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island, in 1851-four tables 622
Tonnage inward and outward between nine principal seaports of the United States and the lower colonies in 1851 627
Comparative statement of all tonnage inward and outward at the principal seaports of the United States, and of the colonies, in 1851 628
PART XII.
Review of the present state of the Deep-sea Fisheries of New England. mulrot of these fisheries since 1783, and summary of legislation respecting them, by W. A. Wellman, esq ---- 629
Statement of allowances to vessels employed in the fisheries 635
TABLES.
Tables Nos. 1 and 2.-Statements of the quantity and value of dry and pickled fish imported and exported from Boston to foreign countries from 1843 to 1851 636, 637
Tables Nos. 3 and 4.-Statements of the dry and pickled fish warehoused in Boston and Charlestown from 1847 to 1851 ..638, 639
Table No. 5.-Tonnage of vessels employed in the fisheries in the fiscal years 1843 to 1850, inclusive 640
Table No. 6.-Imports of dry and pickled fish during the fiscal years 1843 to 1850, inclusive. 642
Table No. 7-Exports of dry and pickled fish from the United States during the fiscal years 1843 to 1850, inclusive 644
Table No. 8.-Pickled fish inspected in Massachusetts from 1838 to 1850, inclusive 652
Table No. 9.-Statement of the tonnage of vessels employed in the fisheries of the United States for several years 654
Table No. 10.-Abstract of allowances to fishing vessels, paid at the port of Boston, for the fishing seasons of the years 1841 to 1850, inclusive 655
Table No. 11.-Abstract of fishing vessels lost during the year 1851 656
PART XIII.
The French Fisheries of Newfoundland
Laws as to fishing bounties in France 661
Report on the great sea fisheries of France by a committee of the National Assembly, May, 1851 . 661
Abstract of the law granting bounties to the fisheries, passed July 22, 1851. 671
Return of vessels fitted out in France for the cod-fishery from 1842 to 1850, both years inclusive 673
Amount of sums paid as bounties from 1842 to 1850, inclusive 674
Number of persons enrolled annually for the navy, in the several maritime districts of France, from 1840 to 1850, inclusive- 675
Quantity of dried cod exported from place where caught to colonies of France, and bounty paid thereon, from 1842 to 1850, inclusive 680
Quantity of dried cod of French catch exported from warehouse in France to French colonies, and bounty paid thereon, from 1842 to 1850, inclusive 681
Quantity of dried cod of French catch exported from ports and curing-places of France, from 1842 to 1850, inclusive, and amount of bounty thereon 682
Quantity of dried cod exported from place where caught by fishermen of France to foreign countries, from 1842 to 1850, inclusive, and amount of bounty thereon 683
Quantity of dried cod of French catch exported from ports of France to foreign countries, from 1842 to 1850, inclusive, with amount of bounty thereon 684
Total amount of bounties paid out of the treasury of France for the encouragement of the cod and whale fisheries, from 1829 to 1849, inclusive .... 685
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