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Mining: Haulage Classic 1907 Mining Engineering Text reprint 2008 Soft Cover
Mining: Haulage Classic 1907 Mining Engineering Text
Copyright 1907 reprint Copyright 2008
Softbound
Approx 244 Plus Pages
CONTENTS
Mining: Haulage
CONTENTS
HAULAGE
Mine Cars . . .. .... . .541
Ore Cars . ... . .. . . . 546
Coal Cars . . . . . ... . .. . 5412
Mine-Car Details . . .5424
Resistance to Mine-Car Haulage . . . . . 5437
Mine-Haulage Systems . .. . . . . . 5443
Man Power for Transportation . . .. . 5444
Animal Haulage ... . . . .5447
Locomotive Haulage . . . .. .. . 551
Steam-Locomotive Haulage. . . . . . 554
Construction of Steam Mine Locomotives - 555
Power of a Locomotive .. .. .5510
Hauling Capacity of Locomotives . .5515
Compressed-Air Locomotive Haulage .5522
Pipe Lines . ... . .. 5524
Electric Locomotive Haulage . . . . . . 561
Wiring for Electric Mine Haulage ..567
Electric Mine Locomotives ... . . 5619
Haulage Locomotives . .... . . 5635
Gathering Locomotives .. .. . . . 5645
Rating and Capacity . . .. . ..5652
Operation of Electric Mine Locomotives . 5661
Rope Haulage . . . .. . .. . . 571
Endless-Rope Haulage . . . .. . . 572
Power for Driving Endless-Rope System . 574
Combined Endless-Rope and Gravity Plane 5713
Overhead Endless-Rope Haulage System . -5722
Track Rollers, and Carrying Sheaves ...57
Curves....57
Endless-Rope Haulage Calculations.57
Operation of Endless-Rope System .57
Tail-Rope Haulage.......57
District Tail-Rope Haulage..57
Crooked-Entry Haulage ......57
Power for Operating Tail-Rope.457
Surface Tail-Rope System of Haulage57
Signaling..57
Tail or Return Sheaves ......57
Couplings......57
Third-Rail Tail-Rope Haulage .....57
Tail-Rope Haulage Calculations57
Gravity Planes....58
Arrangement of Tracks .. . ..58
Calculations for Gravity Planes58
Engine Planes. ..58
Calculation for an Engine Plane..- 58
Tail-Rope Haulage Calculations57
Gravity Planes.....,......58
Arrangement of Tracks .. . ....58
Calculations for Gravity Planes58
Engine Planes.........58
Calculation for an Engine Plane..- 58
MINE CARS
1. Mine Cars in Genet-al.-Mine ears are used for the purpose of transporting materials from the working place in a mine to a place either in or out of the mine where they are unloaded. There is great variety in their shape and construction, but one of the chief considerations in their design is whether they are to be dumped by hand or by the aid of a tipple, and whether they are to be dumped from the end or side.
Some cars are constructed of wood and iron, others entirely of iron; some are very narrow gauge and others broader gauge; some have a very short wheel base and others a longer wheel base. Wooden mine cars are usually built at the mine, so there is no universal shape or design. As only a few cars can be described here, only those will be described that have proved satisfactory in places where they have been used.
2. Size of etti.,-In mines where headroom for passage and loading is limited by the thickness of the material mined, or where the width of the passageways is restricted by the nature of the roof, floor, or the material mined, the cars must conform in size to the heights and widths of the passages in the mine through which they must be moved; where the passageways are not restricted by the thickness and nature of the material mined, the size of the cars is determined by the ease with which they may be handled and loaded.
INTRODUCTION
1. The most common application of underground locomotive haulage is to coal mines, where the coal is usually gathered from the rooms or working places by animals and hauled to a parting or turnout. These partings or turnouts are usually on side or cross-entries, though they may be on main haulage ways. Here a number of cars are coupled into trips and are hauled by locomotives to the outside, or to the shaft bottom. In extensive mines, where cross-entries are long, the cars are gathered on the partings by mules and hauled by locomotives from gathering partings to the main parting, which is usually just off of the main haulage way. From this latter point, the trips are taken to their destination by the same or other locomotives. Small compressed-air and electric locomotives are now also used for gathering the cars from the rooms and collecting them at the partings, where the trips are made up and hauled out by the locomotives.
2. Advantages of Locomotive Haulage.-Under certain conditions, locomotive haulage possesses advantages over other systems of mine haulage. Its chief advantages over animal haulage are speed and ability to haul larger quantities of material at one time. One advantage that it possesses over rope haulage is that the motive power
CoOrighled by International Textbook ConiPany. Entered at Stationers' Hall, London
HAULAGE ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE HAULAGE
INTRODUCTION
1. Advantages and Disadvantages.-One of the most important matters which the mine manager has to deal with is the transmission of power. It cannot be stated that one kind of energy is better than another for all conditions, nor for any particular service without an examination of all the conditions under which it is to be used. The chief advantage of electric power for mine haulage is the readiness with which it can be transmitted long distances. It cannot, however, be used in some mines or in parts of many mines, because of the presence of explosive gases or mixtures of gas and impalpable coal dust that may be ignited by electric sparks from switches, controllers, broken wires, or blowing fuses. Moreover, physical conditions or the method by which the mine is worked may also oppose the use of electrical energy as a motive power.
Electric locomotives of the ordinary type can be operated on short grades of 12 to 15 per cent., but they are not recommended when the grade exceeds 3 per cent. for long distances, or 5 per cent. for short distances; beyond this grade lies the field of rack-rail, or sprocket-type, locomotives, or of rope haulage. Electric locomotives of the rack-rail type can be used to advantage on grades as high as 18 per cent.
Coprighird b, International Textbook Contloany, Entered at Stationers' Halt. London
HAULAGE ROPE HAULAGE
INTRODUCTION
1. Deno:Mon.-A rope-haulage system, applied to mining, is one in which the cars are attached to a rope, and both are moved by means of an engine, motor, or by gravity. Usually, rope haulage is applied to nearly horizontal tracks; but if the haulage is on an inclined plane, the gravity pull of the descending load will greatly assist the motive power and in some cases will be sufficient to move the entire system.
In the first rope-haulage plants, the cars were attached to hemp or manila ropes, or in some cases to iron chains; however, wire ropes are now used almost universally, as they are more economical and serviceable.
2. Rope-Haulage Systems.-There are four systems of rope haulage:
1. Endless-rope haulage, in which the rope travels continuously in the same direction, taking empty cars into the mine and bringing loaded cars out.
2. Tail-rope haulage, in which there are two ropes, a main rope and a tail rope, attached, respectively, to the outby and the inby ends of a trip of cars. The tail rope is used for drawing the empty cars into the mine and the main rope for bringing the loaded cars out, the ropes thus traveling together alternately in opposite directions.
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