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Mechanical Processing of Cottonseed by Woolrich & Carpenter Hard Cover 1935
Mechanical Processing of Cottonseed by Woolrich & Carpenter
Hard Cover
154 pages
Copyright 1935
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
THE COTTONSEED O1L INDUSTRY 1
(a) HISTORY 1
(b) ECONOMICS 3
(c) PROCESSES 12
CHAPTER II
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTONSEED AND COTTONSEED OIL 19
(a) COTTONSEED 19
(b) COTTONSEED OIL 32
CHAPTER III
CLEANING OF COTTONSEED 37
CHAPTER IV
SEED HOUSE DESIGN 43
CHAPTER V
DELINTING AND DELINTERS 50
CHAPTER VI
HULLING AND SEPARATING 59
CHAPTER VII
HULLERS 68
CHAPTER VIII
ROLLING 72
CHAPTER IX
COOKING OF COTTONSEED MEATS 75
CHAPTER X
FORMING AND PRESSING 88
CHAPTER XI
THE EXPELLER TYPE OF OIL MILL 97
CHAPTER XII
SOLVENT AND BACTERIAL PRODUCTION OF OILS AND FATS103
ESTIMATING TABLE 109
BIBLIOGRAPHY ABBREVIATIONS 113
BIBLIOGRAPHY 117
INDEX 151
FOREWORD
In 1929, the Tri States Cotton Seed Oil Superintendents Association, with headquarters at Memphis, Tennessee, requested the Engineering Extension Division and the Engineering Experiment Station of the University of Tennessee to assist them in solving some of the mechanical processing problems involved in the storage, treating, and expressing of oil from cottonseed.
Much more attention had been given by research investigators to the treatment of the oil after it had been expressed than had been accorded to the seed of the cotton crop from the time it left the field until it had passed through the oil extraction presses.
While most of the members of the above organization had no investment in the mills operated by them, they did possess sufficient professional pride in their industry to give some of their own earnings toward financial support of the desired investigations.
Since that date many progress reports have been given regional conventions and to the technical press interested in cottonseed oil extraction.
In 1932, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and through them the Engineering Foundation, became interested in assisting the work as it related to mechanical processing. A special committee was named to cooperate with the committee of the Tri States Cotton Seed Oil Superintendents Associati. The committee named by them was as follows :
HOMER BARNESMemphis, Tennessee
E. L. CARPENTERKnoxville, Tennessee
W. D. EDWARDSMemphis, Tennessee
C. E. GARNERMemphis, Tennessee
B. J. SAMSSavannah, Georgia
W. R. WOOLRICH, ChairmanKnoxville, Tennessee
Two research chapters are given in this text, presenting some of the more important findings of these studies to date. In addition, a most complete bibliography on cottonseed processing is included herewith. Much of the bibliography was prepared by Robert York, Jr., formerly Graduate Assistant at the University of Tennessee.
For the development of the South, the extension of these researches into more effective milling in local plants is. desirable. When a ton of seed cotton is removed from the land, about two-fifths of the total weight is fiber cotton. The constituents of fiber cotton are taken largely by the plant from the air. Primarily they are oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. The removal of the fiber cotton from the land has therefore but little effect on the sustained fertility of the soil.
But the other three-fifths of the ton of seed cotton, which is the cottonseed, is very rich in nitrogen, potash and phosphate, - three fundamental plant foods. At pre-war fertilizer prices, cottonseed meal was worth more than twenty dollars per ton as commercial fertilizer.
The continual drain of this fertility from the cotton fields is one of the most tragic examples of dissipation of soil resources. The seed was shipped to commercial centers for expressing of the oil, and usually from there the meal was sold either into livestock feeding areas or was exported to the dairy states of Europe.
With the virtually complete extinction of the cattle tick from the Southern States, renewed activity in dairy and livestock feeding is encouraging feeders to demand the home consumption of cottonseed meal. The consequent result will be the retaining of the fertility in the cotton producing states. This trend has created a growing demand for local mills where the farmer can deliver his own seed by truck and carry back to his own acres his portion of the cottonseed meal.
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