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Jane’s World Railways 1991-92 by Geoffrey Freeman Allen
Janes World Railways 1991-92 by Geoffrey Freeman Allen
Hard Cover
798 pages
Copyright 1991
CONTENTS
FOREWORD [59]
MANUFACTURERS
Locomotives 3
Powered passenger vehicles 53
Diesel engines and transmission systems 109
Electric traction equipment 133
Non-powered passenger vehicles 147
Passenger coach equipment 163
Freight vehicles 177
Brakes and drawgear 201
Bogies and suspensions, wheels and axles 215
Bearings 227
Signalling and telecommunications 231
Passenger information systems 251
Automatic fare systems 257
Fixed electrification equipment 265
Permanent way equipment 275
Freight yard and terminal equipment 307
Workshop, repair and maintenance equipment 319
PRIVATE FREIGHT CAR LEASING COMPANIES 327
INTERNATIONAL RAIL SERVICES IN EUROPE 333
INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY ASSOCIATIONS AND AGENCIES 337
CONSULTANCY SERVICES 345
RAILWAY SYSTEMS
Afghanistan 374
Albania 374
Algeria 374
Angola 377
Argentina 378
Australia 379
Austria 400
Bangladesh 408
Belgium 409
Benin 415
Bolivia 416
Botswana 417
Brazil 418
Bulgaria 427
Burkina Faso 428
Cameroon 428
Canada 429
Chile 444
China, People's Republic 446
Colombia 450
Congo 451
Costa Rica 452
Cuba 453
Czechoslovakia 454
Denmark 457
Dominican Republic 461
Ecuador 461
Egypt 462
El Salvador 463
Ethiopia 464
Finland 464
France 468
Gabon 481
Germany 482
Ghana 499
Greece 500
Guatemala 502
Guinea 502
Honduras 502
Hong Kong 503
Hungary 505
India 508
Indonesia 519
Iran 522
Iraq 523
Ireland 524
Israel 527
Italy 528
Ivory Coast 542
Jamaica 542
Japan 543
Jordan 571
Kampuchea 572
Kenya 572
Korea, Democratic People's Republic 574
Korea, Republic 574
Lebanon 577
Liberia 577
Libya 578
Luxembourg 578
Madagascar 580
Malawi 581
Malaysia 582
Mali 584
Mauritania 584
Mexico 585
Mongolia 587
Morocco 587
Mozambique 588
Myanmar 589
Namibia 590
Nepal 590
Netherlands 591
New Zealand 595
Nicaragua 596
Nigeria 597
Norway 598
Pakistan 601
Panama 604
Paraguay 604
Peru 605
Philippines 606
Poland 607
Portugal 611
Romania 614
Saudi Arabia 615
Senegal 616
South Africa 616
Spain 622
Sri Lanka 631
Sudan 633
Swaziland 634
Sweden 634
Switzerland 640
Syria 662
Taiwan 662
Tanzania 664
Thailand 666
Togo 669
Tunisia 670
Turkey 671
Uganda 674
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 675
United Kingdom 680
United States of America 690
Uruguay 733
Venezuela 734
Viet-Nam 734
Yugoslavia 735
Zaire 737
Zambia 738
Zimbabwe 739
RAPID TRANSIT AND UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS 743
INDEX 785
POWERED PASSENGER VEHICLES
ARGENTINA
Materfer 84
AUSTRALIA
ABB 54
Goninan 75
Walkers 107
AUSTRIA
ABB 54
BRW 62
Jenbacher 78
SGP 96
BELGIUM
ACEC Transport 56
BN 59
BRAZIL
Cobrasma 64
Engesa-FNV 67
Mafersa 83
Santa Matilde 94
Villares 106
CANADA
Bombardier 60
UTDC 105
CHINA
Changchun Railway Works 64
China National Railway Corporation 64
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Czechoslovak Wagon Works 64
Strojexport 100
DENMARK
ABB Scandia A/S 55
Frichs 70
EGYPT
SEMAF 95
FINLAND
Transtech 104
FRANCE
ANF Industrie 57
CFD 63
De Dietrich 65
GEC Alsthom 72
Matra Transport 85
Soul 100
GERMANY
ABB 54
Duewag 66
Ferrostaal 68
LEW 81
Linke-Hofmann-Busch 82
MAN GHH 83
MBB 86
Newag 90
Sch 95
Siemens 96
Talbot 101
Transrapid International 103
VAW 106
HUNGARY
Ganz Ansaldo 71
Ganz-Hunslet 71
INDIA
ICF 78
Jessop 78
PEC 92
INDONESIA
INKA 78
ITALY
Ansaldo Trasporti 58
Breda 61
Casaralta 63
Ferrosud 68
Fiat 68
Firema 69
Gleismac 75
Imesi 78
OMS 92
Reggiane 93
Socimi 99
SOFER 99
JAPAN
Aina Koki 56
Fuji 70
Fuji Car 70
Hitachi 75
Kawasaki 78
Kinki Sharyo 79
Mitsubishi Electric 87
Niigata 90
Nippon Sharyo 90
Tokyu 101
Toshiba 103
KOREA
Daewoo 64
Hyundai 77
Korea Shipbuilding & Engineering 81
NORWAY
Stremmens 101
POLAND
Cegielski 63
Kolmex 81
Konstal 81
Pafawag 92
PORTUGAL
Sorefame 99
ROMANIA
FAUR 67
Mecanoexportimport 86
SOUTH AFRICA
RSD 94
Union Carriage 105
SPAIN
ATEINSA 59
Babcock & Wilcox 59
CAF 63
Meinfesa 86
MTM 89
SWEDEN
ABB Traction 56
ABB Kalmar 55
SWITZERLAND
ABB 54
Groupement 75
Schindler 94
SLM 97
VeVeY 106
Von Roll 106
USSR
Energomachexport 67
Mytischy 90
Riga 93
UK
Alexander 56
BREL 61
Hunslet-Barclay 77
Hunslet TPL 77
Metro-Cammell 87
RFS 93
Wickham 107
USA
AEG Westinghouse 56
Morrison-Knudsen 88
YUGOSLAVIA
Duro Dakovid 67
GOSA 75
ZIMBABWE
More Wear 88
NON-POWERED PASSENGER VEHICLES
ARGENTINA
Materfer 157
AUSTRALIA
ABB 148
Gonian 155
AUSTRIA
Jenbacher 156
SGP 160
BELGIUM
BN 150
BRAZIL
CCC 152
Cobrasma 153
Engesa-FNV 154
CANADA
Alcan 148
Bombardier 150
UTDC 162
CHINA
Changchun Railway Works 152
China National Railway Corporation 153
Pu Zhen 158
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Czechoslovak Wagon Works 153
Strojexport 161
DENMARK
ABB Scandia A/S 148
EGYPT
SEMAF 160
FINLAND
Transtech 161
FRANCE
ANF-Industrie 148
De Dietrich 154
GEC Alsthom 155
Soul 161
GERMANY
ABB 148
AEG-Westinghouse 148, 157
Ammendorf 148
Bautzen 150
Bremer 152
Ferrostaal 154
G 156
MAN GHH 157
Siemens 160
Talbot 161
VAW 162
HUNGARY
Ganz-Hanslet 155
Hungarian Railway Carriage 156
INDIA
BEML 150
ICF 156
Jessop 156
PEC 158
ITALY
Breda 151
Casaralta 152
CFC 152
Costamasnaga 153
Ferrosud 154
Fiat 154
Firema 154
Gallinari 155
Imesi 156
Keller 156
OFV 158
OMS 158
Reggiane 158
SGI 160
Socimi 160
Soler 160
JAPAN
Alna Koka 148
Fuji Car 155
Fuji Heavy Industries 155
Kawasaki 156
Kinki Sharyo 156
Nippon Sharyo 158
Tokyu 161
KOREA
Daewoo 153
Hyundai 156 Korea Shipbuilding & Engineering 157
MEXICO
Concarril 153
MOROCCO
SCIF 159
NORWAY
ABB 148
Stremmens 161
PAKISTAN
Pakistan Railway Carriage 158
POLAND
Cegielski 152
Kolmex 156
Pafawag 158
PORTUGAL
Sorefame 160
ROMANIA
Astra 148
Mecanoexportimport 157
Turnu-Severin 162
SOUTH AFRICA
Union Carriage 162
SPAIN
ATEINSA 150
Babcock & Wilcox 150
CAF 152
Meinfesa 158
MTM 158
Tafesa 161
SWEDEN
ABB Kalmar 148
SWITZERLAND
Schindler 159
UK
BREL 151
GEC Alsthom 155
Hunslet TPL 156
RFS 159
USA
Miner Railcar Services 158
RPS 159
YUGOSLAVIA
Duro Dakovi 154
GOSA 156
PASSENGER COACH EQUIPMENT
ARGENTINA SIAM 172
AUSTRALIA
SMC 172
Stone McColl 173
AUSTRIA
IFE 168
BELGIUM
ACEC 164
Manta 169
BRAZIL
Fresinbra 167
DENMARK
Semco 172
FINLAND
EKE Electronics 166
NIF 170
FRANCE
AIF 164
Carrier KhBac 165
Compin 165
Faiveley 166
Ferrat 167
Halais 167
Klein 169
Sable 171
SAFT 171
Sofanor 173
GERMANY
ABB 164
AEG Westinghouse 164
Belz 165
FahrzeugausrBerlin 166
GEZ 167
Krupp Mak 169
Kuckuck 169
Luwa 169
Phoenix 171
Pintsch Bamag 171
Schaltbau 171
Siemens 172
HUNGARY
Kismotor G 169
Nikex 170
INDIA
Central Engineering 165
Cimmco 165
Stone India 173
ITALY
Socimi 173
JAPAN
Alna Koki 164
Hitachi 168
Narita 170
Nippon Air Brake 170
Nippon Signal 171
Toshiba 174
Toyo Denki 174
Yusoki Kogyo 175
NETHERLANDS
Tebel 173
SOUTH AFRICA
Conbrako 166
Wispeco 175
SPAIN
Dimetal 166
Meinfesa 169
Stone Ib 173
SWEDEN
EVAC 166
SWITZERLAND
Ebo 166
SIG 172
UK
Bayham 165
Beclawat/Bode 165
BREL 165
Deans Powered Doors 166
Henshall 168
Howden Sirocco 168
Hydrovane 168
Insulation Equipments 168
Kidde-Graviner 168
KV 169
Merrychef 169
Middleton 170
Permali 171
SMC 173
Stone International 173
Stuart Turner 173
Thorn Lighting 174
Triplex 174
Westinghouse Brake & Signal 175
Young 175
USA
Adams & Westlake 164
AEG Westinghouse 164
Delaware Car 166
Ellcon National 166
Microphor 169
Monogram Sanitation 170
Research Products/Blankenship 171
Stone Nycal 173
Stone Safety 173
Vapor Mark IV 174
FREIGHT VEHICLES
ARGENTINA
AFNE 178
Bautista Buriasco 179
Betran Hnos 179
Callegari 181
Cometarsa 182
Comsal 182
Ptah-Vazquez Iglesias 192
AUSTRALIA
ABB 178
Centurion 181
Gemco 185
Goninan 185
Perry 191
AUSTRIA
Jenbacher 187
SGP 194
BELGIUM
BN 179
BREC 180
BRAZIL
CCC 181
Cobrasma 182
Engesa-FNV 185
Mafersa 188
Santa Matilde 194
Soma 195
CANADA
Alcan 179
Hawker Siddeley 186
National Steel Car 190
Procor 192
CHINA
Chian An Rolling Stock 182
China National Railway Corporation 182
Dalian Locomotive 183
Oiqihar 193
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Czechoslovak Wagon Works 183
Strojexport 196
DENMARK
ABB 178
EGYPT
SEMAF 194
FRANCE
ABRF 178
AFR 178
Orval 191
Remoter 193
SFC-Daval 194
SNAV 195
Soul 195
FINLAND
Transtech 198
GERMANY
Badische Waggonfabrik 179
Bremer 181
BWR 181
Dessau 184
DWA 184
Ferrostaal 185
Graaf 186
Niesky 190
O&K 191
Talbot 196
VAW 199
HUNGARY
Hungarian Railway Carriage 187
INDIA
Bharat Wagon & Engineering 179
Braithwaite 179
Surn Standard 181
Cimmco International 182
HDC 186
KT Steel 188
PEC 191
INDONESIA
INKA 187
IRELAND
Liebherr 188
ITALY
Casaralta 181
CEFF 181
CFC 182
Costamasnaga 182
Ferrosud 185
Fiat 185
Firema 185
Imesi 187
Keller 187
OFV 191
OMS 191
Reggiane 193
SGI 194
Starter 195
JAPAN
Alna Koki 179
Fuji Car 185
Kawasaki 187
Kinki Sharyo 187
Nippon Sharyo 190
Wakamatsu Sharyo 200
KOREA
Daewoo 183
Hyundai 187
Korea Shipbuilding & Engineering 188
MEXICO
CNCFSA 182
Concarril 182
MOROCCO
SCIF 194
MOZAMBIQUE
Cometal 182
NETHERLANDS
Nelcon 190
NEW ZEALAND
Price 192
NORWAY
Finsam 185
Strommens 196
PAKISTAN
Pakistan Railways Carriage 191
POLAND
Kolmex 187
Konstal 188
Zastal 200
PORTUGAL
Metalsines 189
ROMANIA
Astra 179
Mecanoexportimport 189
SOUTH AFRICA
RSD 194
SPAIN
Babcock & Wilcox 179
CAF 181
CAT 181
Herederos de Ramon Mugica 186
Intamodal-Eimar 187
Meinfesa 189
MTM 189
Tafesa 196
SWEDEN
ABB 178
Lagab 188
SWITZERLAND
Cattaneo 181
Schindler 194
Stag 195
Tuchschmid 199
USSR
Altai 179
Energomachexport 184
UK
Bombardier Prorail 179
BREL 181
Davis 183
Howden 187
Oleo 191
Powell Duffryn Standard 191
Procor Engineering 192
RFS Engineering 193
Ray Smith 195
Trailer Train 197
USA
ACF 178
Amherst 179
Anbel 179
Bethlehem Steel 179
Briggs & Turivas 181
Difco 184
Dorsey 184
The Gregg Company 186
Gunderson 186
Kilo-Wate 187
Letourneau 188
Miner Railcar 189
Portec 191
RoadRailer 193
SM-Strick RailTrailer 195
Strick 195
Taylor 197
Thrall 197
Trailer-Rail 197
Transcisco Industries Inc 198
Transcisco Rail Services Co 198
Transit America 198
Trinity Industries 198
Union Tank 199
YUGOSLAVIA
Bratstvo 180
GO$A 185
Kraljevo 188
ZIMBABWE
More Wear 189
BRAKES AND DRAWGEAR
BRAKES AND DRAWGEAR
ARGENTINA
SIAM 211
SKF Argentina 211
AUSTRALIA
Bradken 202
Comsteel 203
SMC 211
AUSTRIA
Stabeg 212
BELGIUM
Buhlmann 203
BRAZIL
Cobrasma 203
Cobreq 203
Suecobras 212
FINLAND
Saalasti 209
FRANCE
Couplomatic 204
Domange-Jarret 204
Forges de Fresnes 205
Paulstra Hutchinson 209
Reservoir, Le 209
Sambre et Meuse 211
SEE 211
Valen 213
GERMANY
BBW 202
BSI 202
Jurid 205
Knorr-Bremse 205
Newag 208
Ringfeder 209
Scharfenberg 211
Textar 212
WABCO Westinghouse 213
INDIA
Bharat 202
Cimmco International 203
Greysham 205
Stone 212
ITALY
Poli 209
Socimi 211
JAPAN
Mitsubishi 207
NABCO 208
Nippon Signal 208
Sumitomo 212
Tokyu Car 212
Ueda 213
MEXICO
Miner y Mendez 207
NETHERLANDS
SAB WABCO 209
POLAND
Kolmex 206
PORTUGAL
LDA 206
ROMANIA
FAU R 205
Uzinexportimport 213
SOUTH AFRICA
Conbrako 204
Matrix 207
SPAIN
Dimetal 204
Frenos Calefaccion y Se 205
Meinf esa 207
SWITZERLAND
OKE 208
SWEDEN
Dellner Couplers 204
USSR
Energomachexport 204
UK
Atlas Copco 202
Avon 202
Davies and Metcalfe 204
Gresham and Craven 205
Hydrovane 205
Litton 206
Lloyd 207
Mintex Don 207, 212
Oleo 209
RFS Engineering 209
SAB WABCO 210
TBL 212
Westinghouse Brakes 213
USA
ABC 202
Amsted 202
ASF 202
Buckeye 203
Buffalo Brake Beam 203
Cardwell Westinghouse 203
Cobra Brake Shoes 203
Ellcon-National 204
FMI 205
Graham-White 205
Griffin 205
Miner 207
Multi-Service Supply 208
NYAB 208
Purdy 209
Triax-Davis 213
WABCO 213
YUGOSLAVIA
Fabrika Vagona Kraljevo 204
MZ Tito-Skopje 208
FOREWORD
The 12 European Transport Ministers and the EC Commission have been busy drafting new Single Market scenarios for the Continent's railways. The overall objective, enlargement of the train's role in international passenger and freight movement, is admirable. But the odds against realisation in full are weighty.
Consider the agreements reached by the European Conference of Transport Ministers in mid-1991. The 12 governments have been bidden to take steps by July 1992 to confer on their railways guaranteed financial and administrative independence. The railways' accumulated debt must be reduced to levels allowing effective financial management thereafter. From the same mid-1992 date the railways must separate their infra-structure and operational accounting. And each government must adopt the French practice of concluding term-based contracts covering each railway's public service obligations.
Fine. But in the private sector financial independence means that an enterprise invests as it sees commercially fit, and exercises its own judgement as to when and how much to borrow for the purpose. That all 12 railways will be granted such freedom is hard to believe. Assuming, that is, the independence of financial judgement is to apply to development of infrastructure as well as mobile and operational assets.
But maybe more than paperwork is foreseen in the segregation of the railways' infrastructure and commercial accounts. A majority of the 12 countries already finance in part or in full the upkeep of their national rail infrastructure. So they should. The modern railway is as essential a component of the national transport system as its motorways. So long as the degree of state support varies, though, there is a distortion in the pricing of many international rail movements by comparison with throughout road movement.
The ideal is 100 per cent support. In Germany, Austria, Switzerland and some Scandinavian countries that is applied also to capital infrastructure projects. Investment in rail infra-structure then becomes a component of national transport development. It is evaluated on a basis comparable to that of highway schemes, which is not the case in some EC countries. A common approach to state planning and financing of the railways' fixed assets must surely simplify EC judgement of whether and where to aid internationally desirable infrastructure development.
Much has been made of the Ministers' Luxembourg agreement to a right of access to the whole EC rail system from the start of 1993. It is to apply not only to the national railways, but to external entrepreneurs, whether national or international. But does this warrent some commentators' acclamation of a new dawn?
Will the freight chiefs of railway A be free to descend on the HQ of railway B and drive timetable paths as they see fit for their through services to railway C? If not, how has Luxembourg changed the inter-railway negotiation needed to set up existing cross-border intermodal and wagonload systems? And what has it done to eliminate inter-city discrepancies in tariff scaling, permissible loading and vehicle characteristics, etc? These are some of the major brakes curbing international freight traffic expansion.
As for private enterprise access, the first question is one of definition. British free marketeers always cite as a passenger service model the stratospherically-priced land cruise trains, such as the Venice Simplon-Orient Express. Congratulations to the entrepreneurs who have identified a leisure market prepared to pay through the nose for these exercises in nostalgia. And make them remunerative. But these luxury trains are totally irrelevant to the extraordinary belief of some editorialists that private enterprise can magically solve the insoluble; profitable provision at no extra customer cost of the extra capacity for seated comfort of all peak-hour commuters.
In the freight sector the British media's prototype is the unit stone trains of the West Country stone quarrying companies Foster Yeoman and ARC. But there is only one difference between these and all the other single-client, siding-to-siding freight trains run by BR's Trainload Freight. The locomotives as well as the wagons are owned by the customer. At work the locomotives are BR-crewed and BR-maintained (the latter, granted, on the customer's premises). Foster Yeoman's distinction is the determination with which the company pressed BR to agree that it be allowed to prove a case at its own expense. This was that diesel haulage of heavy bulk commodity trains demanded locomotives purpose-designed and proven for the job, and dedicated to it, not all-purpose, common-user freight locomotives. BR took on board the high-productivity results subsequently obtained with Foster Yeoman's imported GM-EMD machines. Assignment of BR's own traction to specific and appropriate traffics, and BR's investment in its own Class 60 heavy-haul diesels, are directly traceable to Foster Yeoman's enterprise.
One trade press journal now sees post-1992 private train operators not merely powering but crewing their own trains. And thereby, unencumbered by existing railway union agreements, able to revive declining wagonload traffic.
Never mind the likelihood of railway unions conceding dilution of their crafts. Will individual governments be prepared to see responsibilities for train operating safety diffused? Remember, too, that international traffic was the primary concern at Luxembourg, as it is of the most insistent open-tracks evangelist, EC Transport Commissioner Karel Van Miert. Is it anticipated that private operators will invest in multi-voltage traction? Or maintain locomotive studs as well as local train crews in each country that their trains traverse? Suppose a railway finds that a private operator is threatening to cream off its high-value traffic and reduce the productivity of its own assets. Whereupon the railway finds mysterious difficulty in contriving acceptable timetable paths for the competitor. Who will arbitrate?
As for the belief that private enterprise could be the saviour of wagonload traffic, the converse is the more likely. Short of divine revelation, no new method of cutting local trip working and train marshalling costs is imaginable. Private assumption of the most promising business - for instance, some or all of German Railways' overnight-transit Intercargo traffic - would only worsen the economics of the rest. That would prompt more contraction. On the other hand, the private sector certainly has potential to bolster international wagonload traffic on key arteries. It could deploy its local marketing resources and expertise to build depot-to-depot traffic of regularly scheduled charter train proportions. Of that the well-loaded trains run for Mahe between Denmark and Paris are an outstanding example.
What is needed is purposeful logistical partnership between major private-sector freight companies and the railways, especially in intermodal development. Internecine competition within the rail mode as well as by rail against rival modes would be deplorable.
In short, open tracks theory too blithely discounts the essential difference between rail and highway: fixed as opposed to free-for-all vehicle pathing. To work as politically conceived, open tracks demand not only separate management of infrastructure and its development, as in Sweden, but also there must be an independent, dispassionate manager of the infrastructure's use.
The EC railways have some way to go to perfect seamless cross-border freight transportation. The same goes for orchestration of swift pricing and operational responses to market opportunities. But there have been recent encouragements. Take, for instance, the massive increase of Germano-Italian intermodal traffic over the Brenner Pass, following the Austrian Federal's smart reaction to its government's imposition of curbs on over-the-highway freight transits. Also worth mention is German auto manufacturer BMW's faith in rail for 80 per cent of its imports from its Italian sub-contractors: and in reverse, for all components and two-thirds of its completed cars for the Italian market.
Would that the Transport Ministers had devoted more of their time to considering how at least a measure of supranational pricing, marketing and operational management could be applied to key international rail freight axes. And to what could be done to harmonise their railways' varying conditions of rail freight movement. Rail freight's potential for healthy growth in the Single Market lies in new long-haul trainload opportunities. There could, for instance, be extended scope for the sort of high asset-productivity deal lately struck in Germany by Ford, BMW and the DB. This has auto-carrier trains heading from Munich to the Darea with new BMW cars for Ruhr and Benelux distributors, then returning to Munich bearing new cars from Ford's Cologne plant for south German dealers.
Many international traffic opportunities could be squandered if international trains, privately run or not, must still run a gauntlet of successive operating managements' foibles. While at the same time the only constraint on end-to-end management of over-the-highway freight within the Community - Swiss and Austrian deterrence of transalpine transits apart - is subservience to such frontier formalities as survive.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The extensive contribution made by David Rider in compiling the up-to-date text for the Manufacturers and Consultancy Services sections of the current edition has been much appreciated. Input of information and photographic material from all other contributors has been, as always, invaluable. Thanks must also go to the production, editorial and typesetting staff involved in the publication of the book.
G FREEMAN ALLEN August 1991
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