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Early American Locomotives by John H White Jr 147 engravings Soft Cover
Early American Locomotives by John H White Jr
147 engravings
Soft Cover
Copyright 1972
Contents
147 Engravings
Part 1 HISTORICAL LOCOMOTIVES PARTIAL CONTENTS
1. Trevithick's first locomotive, Penn-y-Darran, Wales, 1804.
2. Blenkinsop's rack locomotive, Leeds, England, 1812.
3. Hedley's Wylam Dilly, c. 1814.
4. John Stevens' demonstration steam locomotive, Hoboken, 1825.
5. The Stourbridge Lion, first commercial locomotive in North America, 1829.
6. The Pride of Newcastle, built by Robert Stephenson and Co., 1828.
7. The Liverpool, built by Edward Bury of Liverpool, England, 1830.
8. Samson-class locomotive built by Robert Stephenson and Co. in 1830.
9. The Herald, Samson-class locomotive of the Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad, 1831.
10. The Best Friend, West Point Foundry for the South Carolina Railroad, 1830.
11. The West Point, completed in 1831 for the South Carolina Railroad.
12. The De Witt Clinton, West Point Foundry for the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, 1831.
13. Reconstruction of locomotive built by William T. James for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1831.
14. The Experiment, West Point Foundry for the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, 1832.
15. A standard Norris locomotive of about 1840.
16. The Sandusky, first locomotive built by Thomas Rogers of Paterson, New Jersey, 1837.
17. Campbell's eight wheeler completed in 1837 for Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad.
18. The Hercules, Eastwick and Harrison's improvement of Campbell's plan, 1836-1837.
19. The Andrew Jackson, Ross Winans' grasshopper, built in 1836 and remodeled in 1892 to represent the Atlantic.
20. The Mazeppa, an improvement of the grasshopper, known as the "crab," 1838.
21. The "mud digger," an eight-wheel version of the crab, built in 1841 and 1842.
22. The Cumberland, a more powerful form of mud digger Winans devised for the B & 0,1845.
23. Camden and Amboy's John Stevens based on an English design, 1849.
24. The Illinois, a high-speed express locomotive built in 1852 by James Millholland.
PART 2 MAIN-LINE LOCOMOTIVES PARTIAL CONTENTS
49. Lehigh Valley Railroad Twelve Wheeler, Champion, Lehigh Valley Shops, Weatherly, Pennsylvania, 1882.
50. Central Pacific Railroad Twelve Wheeler, No. 229, Central Pacific Shops, Sacramento, 1882.
51. Pennsylvania Railroad American, No. 10, Pennsylvania Shops, Altoona, Pennsylvania, 1881.
52. Philadelphia and Reading Railroad American, No. 411, P & R Shops, Reading, Pennsylvania, 1880.
53. St. Louis and San Francisco Railroad American, Capt. C. W. Rogers, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1880.
54. Long Island Railroad American, No. 83, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1882.
55. New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad Mogul, No. 35, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1884.
56. New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad American, No. 106, New Haven Shops, New Haven, Connecticut, 1882.
57. Michigan Central Railroad Mogul, No. 269, Schenectady Locomotive Works, Schenectady, New York, 1886.
58. Ohio and Mississippi Railway American, No. 53, rebuilt at the 0 & M Shops, Vincennes, Indiana, 1888.
59. Pennsylvania Railroad American, No. 1222, Pennsylvania Shops, Altoona, Pennsylvania, 1888.
60. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway American, No. 220, Brooks Locomotive Works, Dunkirk, New York, 1888.
61. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway American, No. 195, Schenectady Locomotive Works, Schenectady, New York, 1886.
62. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad, No. 796, Schenectady Locomotive Works, Schenectady, New York, 1889.
63. Northern Pacific Railroad Consolidation, No. 10,000, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1889.
64. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad American, No. 859, Baldwin Locmotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
65. New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway Decapod, No. 805, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
66. Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Columbia, No. 694, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
67. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad American, No. 858, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad American, No. 887, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Consolidation, No. 1223, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
68. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Ten Wheeler, No. 1342, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893. Central Railroad of New Jersey American, No. 450, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893. Norfolk and Western Railroad Consolidation, No. 330, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
69. Baltimore and Ohio South Western Railway Ten Wheeler, No. 123, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
70. Lima Northern Railroad Mogul, No. 61, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
71. Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway Ten Wheeler, No. 600, Brooks Locomotive Works, Dunkirk, New York, 1893.
PART 3 SPECIAL SERVICES PARTIAL CONTENTS
98. Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad Mason double truck, Breckenridge, Mason Machine Works, Taunton, Massachusetts, 1879.
99. Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad Mason double truck, Pokanoket, Mason Machine Works, Taunton, Massachusetts, 1885.
100. Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad, Annawomscutt, Taunton Locomotive Manufacturing Company, Taunton, Massachusetts, 1887.
101. Forney locomotive for unknown railroad, Brooks Locomotive Works, Dunkirk, New York, c. 1885.
102. Indianapolis and Evansville Railway Forney, Rhode Island Locomotive Works, Providence, 1880.
103. Saginaw Bay and North Western Railroad 0-4-2, John C. Durgin, H. K. Porter and Co., Pittsburgh, 1884.
104. Central Railroad of New Jersey, No. 196, Grant Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1872.
105. Illinois Central Railroad Ten Wheel Double-Ender, No. 213, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1880.
106. Longfellow Mining Co. (Arizona) 0-4-0T, Coronado, H. K. Porter and Co., Pittsburg, 1880.
107. Steel mill service 0-4-0T, Pittsburg Locomotive Works, Pittsburg, 1893.
108. New Mexico Railway and Coal Co. 2-4-2T, No. 13361, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1893.
109. Mine locomotive 0-4-0, Dickson Manufacturing Co., Scranton, Pennsylvania, c. 1885.
110. Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, No. 22, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1873.
111. Prince of Grand Para Railroad (Brazil) rack locomotive, Gurjao, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1886.
112. Pole road locomotive, Perdido, Adams and Price, Nashville, 1884.
113. Hardwick and Woodbury Railroad Shay geared locomotive, No. 450, Lima Locomotive Works, Lima, Ohio, 1893.
114. Haydenville Branch Railroad 0-4-0, No. 2, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1879.
115. 0-4-0, No. 11, Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works, Paterson, New Jersey, c. 1885.
116. Georgia Railroad, No. 21, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1877.
117. Chicago and North Western Railway, No. 140, Schenectady Locomotive Works, Schenectady, New York, 1893.
118. Great Northern Railway, No. 258, Brooks Locomotive Works, Dunkirk, New York, 1893.
119. Crescent City Railway (New Orleans) fireless locomotive, Theodore Scheffler, Paterson, New Jersey, 1876.
120. Central Railroad of New Jersey, Star, C.R.R.N.J. shops, Elizabethport, New Jersey, 1871.
PART 4 ESPORT AND FORGEIN PARTIAL CONTENTS
121. London and North Western Railway, No. 503, Francis W. Webb, Crewe, England, 1884.
122. London and North Western Railway, No. 1301, London and North Western Shops, Crewe, England, 1889.
123. London and North Western Railway, Cornwall, 1847, and Nipper.
124. Great Northern Railway (England), No. 232, Great Northern Shops, Doncaster, England, 1885.
125. Caledonian Railway 4-4-0, No. 128, Neilson and Co., Glasgow, Scotland, c. 1881.
126. Southeastern Railway six-wheel goods engine, No. 285, Sharp, Stewart and Co., Manchester, England, c. 1882.
127. London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Terrier, Brighton, c. 1882.
128. Northeastern Railway, No. 947, Neilson and Co., Glasgow, Scotland, 1874.
129. Great Southern and Western Railway of Ireland, No. 35, Great Southern and Western Shops, 1879.
130. Mersey River Tunnel Railway, No. 1, Beyer, Peacock and Co., Manchester, England, 1886.
131. Experimental locomotive, James Toleman, Hawthorne, Leslie and Co., Newcastle, England, 1892.
132. Western Railway of France, No. 3535, Compagnie de Fives-Lille, c. 1885.
133. Wurtemburg State Railroad 2-4-0, Esslingen Machine Works, Esslingen, Germany, c. 1875.
134. Swiss Northeastern Railroad 0-4-0, No. 98, Esslingen Machine Works, Esslingen, Germany, 1874.
135. Swiss compensating lever locomotive, Swiss Locomotive Works, Winterthur, Switzerland, 1878.
136. Villa Real and Villa Regoa Tramway (Portugal) 0 6 0 0 6 0, Swiss Locomotive Works, Winterthur, Switzerland, c. 1878.
137. New Zealand Railway Columbia, Washington, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1877.
138. New Zealand Railway Prairie, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1885.
139. Mejia and Arequipa Railway (Peru) steam inspection car, La Joya, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1869.
140. Paulista Railroad (Brazil) Consolidation, No. 17, Dubs and Co., Glasgow, Scotland, 1884.
141. Dom Pedro II Railroad (Brazil) Decapod, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, 1885.
142. Mejia and Arequipa Railway (Peru) Mogul, No. 750, Danforth, Cooke and Company, Paterson, New Jersey, 1871.
143. Nuevitas and Puerto Principe Railway (Cuba) Ten Wheeler, No. 7, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1874.
144. Leopoldina Railway (Brazil) Mogul, Antonio Carlos, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1878.
145. Barao de Araucana Railway (Brazil) Mogul, Santa Maria Magdalena, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1878,
146. Desempeno, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1875.
147. Matanzas Railroad (Cuba), No. 32, Rogers Locomotive Works, Paterson, New Jersey, 1878.
This volume presents a collection of reproductions of the more decorative locomotive engravings published during the late nineteenth century, with emphasis on American locomotives. We will not offer a formal history in these pages, but a list of references is included for those seeking more information on the development of the railway engine.
The illustrations are drawn almost entirely from the engineering trade press, most particularly from the Railroad Gazette and Engineering, both of which produced folio-size collections of the better plates appearing in their respective pages. The Railroad Gazette's collection, first published in 1883 under the title Recent Locomotives, treated both domestic and foreign engines; it is from the greatly enlarged second edition of 1886 that we have reproduced so many of the plates in the present volume. Matthias N. Forney (1835-1908), editor of the Gazette when this book was produced, was a respected expert on railroad machinery, who had worked as a locomotive designer as a young man. During these years he obtained patents for a peculiar style of tank locomotive that came to bear his name, and therefore the extended space devoted to this design in Recent Locomotives is not difficult to understand. After 1870, the year in which Forney became associate editor of the Gazette, his rise in railway engineering circles was rapid; he was soon an officer in several national engineering societies. His Catechism of the Locomotive Engine (1874) went through many editions and became the basic American handbook on that subject. The present volume contains several reproductions from the Catechism and from a historical catalog Forney prepared in 1886 for the Rogers Locomotive Works; both of these works are now rare.
The other primary source for the present illustrations was produced by the British journal, Engineering. Entitled A Record of The Transportation Exhibits at the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, this 779-page tome presented in pictures and text a very full account of the transportation machinery exhibits gathered at Chicago to celebrate the four-hundredth anniversary of Columbus' first landing. As it happened, the fair opened a year late, but no matter-it was a stupendous attraction that drew thousands of visitors and exhibitors to Chicago's lake front. Among the exhibitors were locomotive manufacturers, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and a few foreign railways. The manufacturers, obviously interested in showing their latest wares, featured engines known as compound locomotives because they used the steam twice before exhausting it to the atmosphere. Great fuel economies were claimed for these locomotives, but the additional machinery necessary cancelled the savings. However, the design, essentially a European development, was just gaining favor in the United States when the fair opened, and each builder was anxious to show off his particular type of compounding.
We have reproduced engravings from several other technical publications in addition to the sources already noted. The temptation was present to introduce materials from the popular papers of the period, such as Harpers, or the colorful prints of Currier and Ives, but these views are generally incorrect or imaginary, charming as they may be. For the sake of accuracy, therefore, we preferred to confine our presentation to those materials available in the engineering press.
The system used to classify the locomotives in these pages is easily explained. The basic classification for locomotives is by wheel arrangement. Since the beginnings of steam railroads, an indication of the number of wheels has been the commonest method of communication between locomotive men; such a simple description as "ten wheeler" conveys a clear picture of the general arrangement and even the approximate size and type of service of the locomotive to anyone familiar with the subject. Errors are possible, however, for a ten wheeler could could mean an engine with four leading and six driving wheels (4-6-0) or an engine with ten driving wheels (0-10-0) or even a machine with two leading and eight driving wheels, (2-8-0) although the term is commonly understood to mean the first-mentioned type. To avoid such misunderstanding the wheel arrangement classes were formalized into a three-number system by a New York Central mechanical official, Frederic M. Whyte (1865-1941), in 1900.
The first figure in the three-number symbol indicates the number of leading wheels, the second figure the number of driving wheels and the final figure the number of trailing wheels. Using the ten wheeler as an example, if we had four leading wheels, six driving wheels and no trailing wheels, the Whyte symbol would be 4-6-0.
In addition to wheel counting, certain types of locomotives also acquired class names, which are used interchangeably with the Whyte symbols. The more common names are listed below, including those which were developed in the twentieth century and are not therefore represented in the present volume.
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